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118 lines
4.6 KiB
Markdown
118 lines
4.6 KiB
Markdown
# Restic
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Resitc is an encrypted, compressed and easily usable backup system.
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## Install Requirements
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- Only need to install restic on the **local** machine! All the other stuff is just ssh. The server is used as a network attached disk.
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- Upside: minimal work on the server
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- Downside: No easy way to check online for this
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```sh
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pacman -S restic
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```
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## Setup
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To set up a repository, the name of a backup unit in restic, run on your local machine
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```sh
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restic -r sftp:user@backupserver.lan:/backups/machine_id init
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```
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This initializes (same way as git) the server side under the path `/backups/machine_id`.
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You can also initalize it with a different local path (i.e. Harddrive) using
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```sh
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restic init --repo /path/backups
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```
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For more details, [RTFM](https://restic.readthedocs.io/en/latest/030_preparing_a_new_repo.html#sftp).
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## Backup Methods
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To back up your system, you can use restic_files and the following command
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```sh
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restic -r sftp:user@backupserver.lan:/backups/machine_id --password-command "pass homeserver/restic/T490" --files-from ~/.config/restic/restic_files --no-scan backup
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```
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`restic_files` is just a file containing the *patterns* or *paths* of the things to back up.
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You can also use the usual ssh config for using specific hostnames, users and ports.
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You can automate this using a simple cron-job, which runs with the regularity you like.
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The `--no-scan` option is useful to save some I/O overhead.
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For more details, [RTFM](https://restic.readthedocs.io/en/latest/040_backup.html).
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## Restoring from Backups
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To restore a full backup, run
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```
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restic -r sftp:user@backupserver.lan:/backups/machine_id --password-command "pass homeserver/restic/T490" --verbose restore SNAPSHOTNUMBER --target /your/fav/path
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```
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The snapshot number is the snapshot id you want to restore to, which you get by using
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```
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restic -r sftp:user@backupserver.lan:/backups/machine_id --password-command "pass homeserver/restic/T490" snapshots
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```
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This gives you a list of the snapshots with the dates and id's.
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You can use `--exclude` and `--include` for the specific inclusion/exclusion of single files or folders. This allows to restore **single files**.
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Here the files/folders have to be given using the path inside the snapshots. If you dont remember them, use `restic -r ..... ls latests` or `restic -r ... find filename`.
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You can also mount the snapshots using
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```
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restic -r sftp:user@backupserver.lan:/backups/machine_id --password-command "pass homeserver/restic/T490" mount /your/fav/mountpoint
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```
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With this, you can browse the different snapshots. For this [`fusermount`](https://archlinux.org/packages/extra/x86_64/fuse2/) has to be installed.
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For more details, [RTFM](https://restic.readthedocs.io/en/latest/050_restore.html).
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## Keeping an overview
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You can **list** all snapshots using
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```
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restic -r sftp:user@backupserver.lan:/backups/machine_id --password-command "pass homeserver/restic/T490" snapshots
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```
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You should regularly **check the health** of your backups! This can be done by
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```
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restic -r sftp:user@backupserver.lan:/backups/machine_id --password-command "pass homeserver/restic/T490" check
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```
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This however just checks if the structure is okay. If you want to check, if all the data files are unmodified and in tact, this can be done using
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```
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restic -r sftp:user@backupserver.lan:/backups/machine_id --password-command "pass homeserver/restic/T490" check --read-data
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```
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This however might take some time.
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If you want to **remove** some files from the snapshots, you can use
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```
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restic -r sftp:user@backupserver.lan:/backups/machine_id --password-command "pass homeserver/restic/T490" rewrite --exclude /path/to/wrongly/added/file SNAPSHOTNUMBER
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```
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[RTFM](https://restic.readthedocs.io/en/latest/045_working_with_repos.html) for more info.
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If you want to remove complete snapshots, either because they are old enough that you dont care anymore, or for other reasons, this can be done using
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```
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restic -r sftp:user@backupserver.lan:/backups/machine_id --password-command "pass homeserver/restic/T490" forget SNAPSHOTNUMBER
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```
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To also delte the data that is not needed anymore by any snapshot, run
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```
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restic -r sftp:user@backupserver.lan:/backups/machine_id --password-command "pass homeserver/restic/T490" prune
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```
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To combine both, use the `--prune` flag for the `forget` command.
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See [here](https://restic.readthedocs.io/en/latest/060_forget.html) for more info.
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The selection can be automated using `--keep-last` and `--keep-{hourly, daily, weekly, monthly, yearly}` flags to the `forget` command. For details see [here](https://restic.readthedocs.io/en/latest/060_forget.html#removing-snapshots-according-to-a-policy).
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