Alexander/AVL
1
0
Fork 0
Code Issues Pull Requests Packages Projects Releases 1 Wiki Activity
f8750a1a86
AVL/script/cards.csv

481 KiB
Raw Blame History

1201unit<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>unit </B><I>noun </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 1 </SUP> <TT> single thing </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> large, small | basic, fundamental </B><I>The family is the basic unit of society. </I><B>| discrete, individual, single </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + UNIT </U><B> break sth down into, divide sth into </B><I>Large departments were broken down into smaller units. </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 2 </SUP> <TT> fixed amount </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> basic, standard | monetary | lexical, linguistic </B> </P> <P> <U> UNIT + NOUN </U><B> cost, length, weight </B> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> ~ of </B><I>a unit of currency a unit of length fifty units of electricity </I> </P> <P> <U> PHRASES </U><B> per unit </B><I>Electricity is ten pence per unit. </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 3 </SUP> <TT> group of people </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> cohesive </B><I>The new manager changed a talented collection of individuals into a cohesive unit. </I><B>| baby, casualty, emergency, intensive care, maternity, psychiatric, surgical, etc. </B><I>She works in the maternity unit at the local hospital. </I><B>| army, enemy, military | intelligence | policy | research | family, social </B><I>the role of the family unit in the community </I> </P> <P> <U> VERB + UNIT </U><B> be attached to </B><I>The cancer research unit is attached to the local university. </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 4 </SUP> <TT> piece of furniture/equipment </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> cooking, kitchen, sink, storage | air-conditioning, control, power, processing, shower </B><I>the central processing unit in a computer </I> </P> <P> <U> VERB + UNIT </U><B> install </B><I>We're having new kitchen units installed. </I> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
2202total<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>total </B><I>noun </I> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> annual, monthly | combined, cumulative, grand, overall, sum </B><I>His two goals give him a grand total of 32 for the season. The sum total of my knowledge of biology is not impressive. </I><B>| final | high, huge, large, record </B><I>a record total of victories </I><B>| low, small | global, national, world/worldwide | jobless, unemployment </B><I>Britain's jobless total rose by 20,000 last month. </I> </P> <P> <U> VERB + TOTAL </U><B> add up to, give, make (up) </B><I>Their earnings were </I>&pound;</B><I>250, </I>&pound;</B><I>300 and </I>&pound;</B><I>420, giving a total of </I>&pound;</B><I>970. </I><B>| bring, take </B><I>A donation of </I>&pound;</B><I>250 has been received, bringing the total to </I>&pound;</B><I>3,750. </I><B>| achieve </B><I>The Greens achieved a total of 18 seats. </I> </P> <P> <U> TOTAL + VERB </U><B> rise | fall </B> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> in ~ </B><I>In total, they spent 420 hours on the project. </I><B>| out of a ~ of </B><I>180 vehicles out of a total of 900 examined were not roadworthy. </I><B>| ~ of</B> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
3203complex<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>complex </B><I>adj. </I> </P> <P> <U> VERBS </U><B> be, look, seem, sound | become </B> </P> <P> <U> ADV. </U><B> enormously, especially, exceedingly, exceptionally, extraordinarily, extremely, highly, hugely, immensely, incredibly, infinitely, particularly, very </B><I>This is a highly complex matter. </I><B>| increasingly | fairly, quite, rather, relatively, somewhat | surprisingly | unnecessarily | technically </B><I>technically complex surgery </I> </P> </DIV><DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>complex </B><I>noun </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 1 </SUP> <TT> set of buildings </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> huge, large, vast | conference, entertainment, factory, holiday, hospital, housing, industrial, leisure, museum, office, shopping, sports </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + COMPLEX </U><B> build </B> </P> <P> <SUP> 2 </SUP> <TT> mental/emotional problem </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> real, terrible | inferiority, superiority | castration, guilt, Oedipus, persecution </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + COMPLEX </U><B> have, suffer from | develop, get </B><I>Don't keep on at him about his handwriting or he'll get a complex. </I><B>| give sb </B> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> ~ about </B><I>She has a complex about her big ears. </I> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
4204employ<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>employ </B><I>verb </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 1 </SUP> <TT> pay sb to work </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADV. </U><B> directly, indirectly </B><I>By 1960 the arms industry in America directly employed 3.5 million people. </I> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> in </B><I>A large part of the workforce is employed in agriculture. </I> </P> <P> <U> PHRASES </U><B> be fully employed </B><I>10% of 10?15-year-old girls were fully employed as late as 1911. </I><B>| be gainfully employed </B><I>Those not gainfully employed are dependent on their savings. </I><B>| be permanently/temporarily employed, be regularly/irregularly employed </B> </P> <P> <SUP> 2 </SUP> <TT> use </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADV. </U><B> commonly, extensively, frequently, often, widely </B><I>The safety net is an image commonly employed in everyday life. </I><B>| generally, usually | actively, deliberately </B><I>teaching that actively employs computers in innovative and fruitful ways </I><B>| successfully, usefully </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + EMPLOY </U><B> can/could </B><I>The army has far more junior officers than it can usefully employ. </I></P> <P> <SUP> 3 </SUP> <TT> be employed: be busy doing sth </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADV. </U><B> better </B><I>You'd be far better employed taking care of your own affairs. </I><B>| busily, usefully </B> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> in </B><I>Will and Joe were busily employed in clearing out all the furniture. </I> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
5205promote<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>promote </B><I>verb </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 1 </SUP> <TT> encourage sth </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADV. </U><B> strongly </B><I>The idea of equal opportunities was strongly promoted by many Labour MPs. </I><B>| actively, directly | indirectly | deliberately, intentionally </B><I>They claimed that the authorities had deliberately promoted and condoned the violence. </I> </P> <P> <U> VERB + PROMOTE </U><B> aim to, seek to, try to | help (to) </B><I>Basketball stars from the United States have helped promote the sport in Italy and Spain. </I><B>| be designed to </B><I>measures designed to promote economic growth </I><B>| be likely to | serve to, tend to </B><I>Bonus payments to staff serve to promote commitment to the company. </I> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> through </B><I>Young people's awareness of agricultural issues is promoted through publicity material. </I> </P> <P> <U> PHRASES </U><B> be aimed at promoting sth, be widely promoted, a campaign/scheme to promote sth, efforts/measures to promote sth </B> </P> <P> <SUP> 2 </SUP> <TT> advertise sth </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADV. </U><B> aggressively, heavily </B><I>The new products have been very heavily promoted. </I><B>| widely </B> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> as </B><I>The town is now being promoted as a holiday destination. </I><B>| through </B><I>The company's products have been promoted mainly through advertising in newspapers. </I> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
6206literature<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>literature </B><I>noun </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 1 </SUP> <TT> written works of art </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> classical, contemporary, modern | great </B> </P> <P> <U> QUANT. </U><B> piece, work </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + LITERATURE </U><B> read, study </B> </P> <P> <SUP> 2 </SUP> <TT> writing on a particular subject </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> extensive, voluminous | promotional, sales </B> </P> <P> <U> QUANT. </U><B> body </B><I>the growing body of literature on development issues </I> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> ~ about </B><I>I picked up some literature about pensions. </I><B>| ~ on </B><I>There's an extensive literature on the subject. </I> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
7207procedure<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>procedure </B><I>noun </I> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> complex, complicated | simple, straightforward | correct, normal, proper, standard, usual </B><I>There are standard procedures for dismissing staff. </I><B>| agreed, established | special | administrative, appeals, application, assessment, complaints, court, criminal, disciplinary, emergency, parliamentary, safety, scientific, selection, surgical </B><I>a minor surgical procedure </I> </P> <P> <U> PROCEDURE + NOUN </U><B> adopt, follow, use </B><I>Did you follow the emergency procedure when you heard the alarm? </I><B>| establish </B><I>A straightforward complaints procedure must be established from the outset. </I> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> under a/the ~ </B><I>under a procedure established by legislation </I><B>| ~ for </B><I>the correct procedure for hiring staff </I> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
8208appropriate<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>appropriate </B><I>adj. </I> </P> <P> <U> VERBS </U><B> be, seem | consider sth, deem sth, think sth </B><I>It was thought appropriate to award her the prize. </I> </P> <P> <U> ADV. </U><B> extremely, very | entirely, quite </B> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> for </B><I>It might be appropriate for him to attend the course. </I><B>| to </B><I>Tutors can construct tests appropriate to individual students' needs. </I> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
9209estimate<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>estimate </B><I>noun </I> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> official, unofficial | current, recent </B><I>Current estimates suggest that supplies will run out within six months. </I><B>| early, initial, preliminary | accurate, fair, good, realistic, reasonable, reliable | best </B><I>Flight times in the brochure are based on our best estimate, and will be confirmed as soon as possible. </I><B>| approximate, rough | conservative, low </B><I>I think 15,000 will turn out to be a very low estimate. </I><B>| high </B><I>According to the highest estimate, over 100,000 men died in the battle. </I><B>| optimistic, pessimistic | cost </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + ESTIMATE </U><B> make </B><I>Can you make an estimate of the numbers involved? </I><B>| give (sb), provide (sb with), submit </B><I>Three firms submitted estimates for the work. </I><B>| revise </B> </P> <P> <U> ESTIMATE + VERB </U><B> be based on sth | indicate sth, predict sth, show sth, suggest sth </B><I>One estimate suggests that 30,000 jobs may be lost. </I><B>| put sth at </B><I>Some estimates put the figure as high as 50%. </I><B>| range, vary </B><I>Cost estimates vary from $50,000 to $200,000. </I> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> according to an/the ~ </B><I>According to the revised estimate, four million people will be without homes. </I><B>| at an ~ </B><I>Even at a conservative estimate, there is a lot of work to be done. </I><B>| in an/the ~ </B><I>In his first estimate, he suggested a figure of </I>&pound;</B><I>5,000. </I><B>| ~ by, ~ from </B><I>According to an estimate by a leading newspaper, she earns </I>&pound;</B><I>40 million a year. </I><B>| ~ for </B><I>We will send you an estimate for the repairs. </I><B>| ~ of </B><I>an estimate of profits an estimate of </I>&pound;</B><I>300 </I> </P> </DIV><DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>estimate </B><I>verb </I> </P> <P> <U> ADV. </U><B> currently | accurately, reliably | provisionally | conservatively </B><I>It is conservatively estimated that not less than half a million people died in the famine. </I><B>| officially, unofficially </B><I>The strike was officially estimated to have cost $80 million. </I> </P> <P> <U> VERB + ESTIMATE </U><B> be difficult to, be hard to, be impossible to | be used to </B><I>The results of the survey were used to estimate the preferences of the population at large. </I> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> at </B><I>We estimated the cost at </I>&pound;</B><I>50,000. </I> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
10210negative<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>negative </B><I>adj. </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 1 </SUP> <TT> only thinking about/showing sb/sth's bad qualities </TT> </P> <P> <U> VERBS </U><B> be, feel, seem, sound | become | remain </B> </P> <P> <U> ADV. </U><B> distinctly, extremely, strongly, terribly, very </B><I>the strongly negative implications of these survey results Their attitude was terribly negative. </I><B>| completely, entirely, exclusively, purely, totally, wholly </B><I>She spoke in entirely negative terms. </I><B>| largely, mainly, overwhelmingly | fairly, rather, slightly, somewhat | apparently | essentially </B><I>Critical thinking is essentially negative as it seeks to dissect and not to build. </I><B>| generally </B> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> about </B><I>He's been rather negative about the idea. </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 2 </SUP> <TT> showing that sth has not happened/been found </TT> </P> <P> <U> VERBS </U><B> be, prove, test </B><I>The breathalyser test proved negative. He tested negative for HIV infection. </I> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> for </B><I>The urine tests were negative for protein. </I> </P> </DIV><DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>negative </B><I>noun </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 1 </SUP> <TT> denial </TT> </P> <P> <U> VERB + NEGATIVE </U><B> answer (sth) in, reply in </B><I>She answered the question in the negative. </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 2 </SUP> <TT> developed photographic film </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> original | photographic | film, glass </B> </P> <P> <U> QUANT. </U><B> strip </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + NEGATIVE </U><B> produce | develop </B><I>His interest in photography started with him developing negatives that he found lying around the house. </I><B>| keep </B><I>We must assume that the spy kept the negatives. </I><B>| destroy</B> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
11211characteristic<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>characteristic </B><I>adj. </I> </P> <P> <U> VERBS </U><B> be | become </B> </P> <P> <U> ADV. </U><B> deeply, extremely, highly, very </B><I>his highly characteristic features </I><B>| entirely, utterly | fairly, quite </B> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> of </B><I>a problem that was fairly characteristic of late eighteenth century society </I> </P> </DIV><DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>characteristic </B><I>noun </I> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> defining, distinctive, distinguishing, identifying, individual, marked, special, striking, unique | personal | common, family, inherited, national, shared | basic, general | chief, dominant, main, major, outstanding, principal | essential, fundamental, important, key, salient | desirable | behavioural, biological, cultural, demographic, economic, genetic, physical, psychological, racial, sexual, social | human </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + CHARACTERISTIC </U><B> have </B><I>The two species have several characteristics in common. </I> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
12212typically<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
13213challenge<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>challenge </B><I>noun </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 1 </SUP> <TT> sth new and difficult </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> big, considerable, enormous, great, huge, radical, real, serious, significant, strong | difficult, tough | major, main | fresh, new | exciting, interesting | economic, environmental, intellectual, political, technical, technological </B><I>Liszt's piano music presents an enormous technical challenge. </I> </P> <P> <U> VERB + CHALLENGE </U><B> be, pose, present | face, meet, respond to, rise to, take on/up </B><I>The gallery has risen to the challenge of exhibiting the works of young artists. He has taken on some exciting new challenges with this job. </I> </P> <P> <U> CHALLENGE + VERB </U><B> face sb </B><I>the challenges facing nurses in casualty </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 2 </SUP> <TT> that shows that sb refuses to accept sth </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> serious | direct | effective | legal </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + CHALLENGE </U><B> be, present, represent </B><I>The demonstration represents a direct challenge to the new law. </I> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> ~ to </B><I>a legal challenge to the president's power </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 3 </SUP> <TT> invitation to compete </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> leadership, title </B><I>his title challenge to the heavyweight champion </I> </P> <P> <U> VERB + CHALLENGE </U><B> issue, mount </B><I>plans to mount a leadership challenge within the party </I><B>| accept, take up </B><I>I accepted his challenge to a game of chess. </I><B>| beat off, fight off </B><I>Our team will have to fight off the challenge from better trained teams. </I> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> ~ from </B><I>a challenge from the other political party </I> </P> </DIV><DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>challenger </B><I>noun </I> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> closest, main, nearest, serious, strong </B><I>Her nearest challenger is the vice-president. </I> </P> <P> <U> VERB + CHALLENGER </U><B> take on </B><I>He took on various challengers, but refused to fight Jackson. </I> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> ~ for </B><I>the main challengers for the European title </I><B>| ~ to </B><I>a challenger to the prime minister </I> </P> </DIV><DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>challenge </B><I>verb </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 1 </SUP> <TT> question whether sth is right/true </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADV. </U><B> directly </B><I>The newspaper was directly challenging the government's legitimacy. </I><B>| seriously | effectively </B><I>She was effectively challenging the whole basis on which society was run. </I><B>| successfully </B><I>The story was completely untrue and was successfully challenged in court. </I> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> on </B><I>She challenged him on his old-fashioned views. </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 2 </SUP> <TT> invite sb to compete, argue, etc. </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADV. </U><B> seriously </B><I>No one has seriously challenged the champion. </I><B>| successfully, unsuccessfully </B> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> for </B><I>She was poised to challenge for the party leadership. </I><B>| to </B><I>The count challenged him to a duel. </I> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
14214principle<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>principle </B><I>noun </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 1 </SUP> <TT> basic general rule </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> basic, broad, central, fundamental, general </B><I>the basic principles of car maintenance </I><B>| cardinal, essential, key | universal | democratic, legal, market, political, scientific, theoretical </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + PRINCIPLE </U><B> establish, formulate, lay down | apply | explain </B> </P> <P> <U> PRINCIPLE + VERB </U><B> apply </B><I>This principle applies to all kinds of selling. </I><B>| underlie sth, underpin sth </B><I>the principles underlying Western philosophy </I> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> in ~ </B><I>I agree with you in principle, but we'll need to discuss the details. </I><B>| ~ behind </B><I>She went on to explain the principles behind what she was doing. </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 2 </SUP> <TT> rule for good behaviour </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> high | guiding | Christian | moral </B><I>He was a man of high moral principles. </I> </P> <P> <U> VERB + PRINCIPLE </U><B> betray, compromise </B><I>I refuse to compromise my principles by eating meat. </I><B>| adhere to, stick to </B><I>She sticks to the principle that everyone should be treated equally. </I> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> against your ~s </B><I>Eating meat was against her principles. </I><B>| on ~ </B><I>She's opposed to abortion on principle. </I> </P> <P> <U> PHRASES </U><B> a matter of principle </B><I>They reject the proposal as a matter of principle. </I><B>| a person of principle </B>(= a person with high moral standards) </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
15215element<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>element </B><I>noun </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 1 </SUP> <TT> one part of sth </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> basic, critical, crucial, decisive, essential, fundamental, important, key, main, major, necessary, principal, significant, vital | dominant </B><I>The promise of tax cuts became the dominant element in the campaign. </I><B>| considerable, large </B><I>There is a considerable element of danger in her job. </I><B>| competitive </B><I>There is too much of a competitive element in the sales department. </I><B>| racial, sexual </B><I>Police say there may have been a racial element to the attacks. </I> </P> <P> <U> VERB + ELEMENT </U><B> be, constitute, form | contain, have, include, involve </B><I>These rumours do contain an element of truth. </I><B>| introduce </B> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> ~ in </B><I>This constitutes one of the key elements in this reform programme. </I><B>| ~ of </B><I>Practical work will form a major element of the syllabus. There may have been an element of jealousy in her response. </I></P> <P> <SUP> 2 </SUP> <TT> the elements: bad weather </TT> </P> <P> <U> VERB + ELEMENT </U><B> brave </B><I>I put on my thick coat ready to brave the elements. </I><B>| battle (against) </B><I>He told us stories of how he had battled the elements on his mountaineering trips. </I><B>| be exposed to, be open to </B><I>The place was completely exposed to the elements. </I><B>| be protected from, be sheltered from </B> </P> <P> <U> PHRASES </U><B> protection/shelter from the elements</B> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
16216ethnic<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
17217depend<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>depend </B><I>verb </I><B>PHRASAL VERBS depend on/upon sb/sth </B> </P> <P> <SUP> 1 </SUP> <TT> be affected by sth </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADV. </U><B> crucially, greatly, very much </B><I>The future of the company will depend crucially on how consumers respond. </I><B>| entirely, solely | largely, mainly | partly, rather, to some extent | ultimately </B><I>Whether or not we can go ultimately depends on the weather. </I> </P> <P> <U> VERB + DEPEND </U><B> seem to </B><I>The outcome seems to depend on the type of soil used. </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 2 </SUP> <TT> need </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADV. </U><B> heavily | entirely, solely </B> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> for </B><I>She depends entirely on her parents for money. </I> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
18218creation<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>creation </B><I>noun </I> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> employment, job | wealth </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + CREATION </U><B> advocate, call for, propose, recommend, urge </B><I>They recommended the creation of a new government agency to be responsible for the environment. </I><B>| encourage, foster, support | allow for </B><I>The new Act allows for the creation of vocational schools. </I><B>| allow, enable | avoid, prevent | lead to</B> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
19219integration<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>integration </B><I>noun </I> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> true | complete, full | close, seamless | further, greater, improved, increased | rapid | economic, monetary, political, racial, social </B><I>We are working to bring about closer political integration in the EU. </I><B>| internal | systems </B><I>(computing) </I> </P> <P> <U> QUANT. </U><B> degree, level </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + INTEGRATION </U><B> achieve, bring about | accelerate, encourage, facilitate, promote, speed up, stimulate </B><I>measures to promote the social integration of mentally handicapped people </I><B>| require | lead to </B> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> ~ between </B><I>integration between research and higher education </I><B>| ~ into </B><I>the integration of disabled pupils into the general education system </I><B>| ~ with </B><I>He called for greater integration with Europe. </I><B>| ~ within </B><I>economic integration within the three communities </I> </P> <P> <U> PHRASES </U><B> a move towards integration </B><I>a move towards greater internal integration in Europe </I><B>| a need for integration, a process of integration</B> </P> </DIV><DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>interaction </B><I>noun </I> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> complex | informal | social | human | face-to-face, group | classroom </B> </P> <P> <U> INTERACTION + NOUN </U><B> processes </B><I>the interaction processes of chimpanzees </I> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> ~ among </B><I>Informal interaction among employees is seen as part of the ongoing training process. </I><B>| ~ between </B><I>the complex interaction between animals and their environment </I><B>| ~ with </B><I>What is her interaction with her boss like? </I><B>| ~ within </B><I>interaction within the group </I> </P> <P> <U> PHRASES </U><B> patterns of interaction </B><I>Specific patterns of interaction in the family have been observed. </I> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
20220aspect<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>aspect </B><I>noun </I> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> central, crucial, essential, fundamental, important, key, main, major, principal, significant | basic, broad, general </B><I>Questions also cover much broader aspects of general health and fitness. </I><B>| appealing, attractive, beneficial, encouraging, exciting, fascinating, interesting, pleasing, positive | alarming, controversial, difficult, disappointing, disturbing, negative, sinister, terrible, worst </B><I>the worst aspects of tourism </I><B>| bizarre, curious, intriguing, puzzling | remarkable, striking | subtle | mundane | neglected | formal, functional, practical, theoretical </B><I>the formal aspects of the language system </I><B>| business, commercial, cultural, economic, environmental, ethical, financial, historical, human, legal, military, moral, physical, political, psychological, religious, scientific, social, technical </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + ASPECT </U><B> have </B><I>The project ha</I>s </B><I>two main aspects. </I><B>| take on </B><I>Events began to take on a mor</I>e </B><I>sinister aspect. </I><B>| consider, cover, deal with, discuss, emphasize, examine, explore, focus on, look at, study </B><I>We will be looking a</I>t </B><I>many different aspects o</I>f </B><I>pollution. </I><B>| demonstrate, illuminate, illustrate </B><I>a uniqu</I>e </B><I>collection illustrating aspects o</I>f </B><I>Irish transport history </I><B>| ignore, neglect </B> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> from the &hellip; ~ </B><I>This scheme i</I>s </B><I>very good from the social aspect. </I>| <B>~ to </B><I>the positive aspects t</I>o </B><I>retiremen</I>t </B> </P> <P> <U> PHRASES </U><B> all aspects of sth, (in) every aspect (of sth) </B><I>The servic</I>e </B><I>was excellent in every aspect</I>. </B> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
21221publish<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>publish </B><I>verb </I> </P> <P> <U> ADV. </U><B> recently | posthumously </B><I>Her last book was published posthumously in 1948. </I><B>| anonymously </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + PUBLISH </U><B> decide to | intend to, plan to | refuse to | be free to </B><I>The press should be free to publish and comment on all aspects of political and social life. </I><B>| dare (to) </B><I>Freud had not dared to publish the third chapter of his book in Vienna. </I> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
22222perspective<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>perspective </B><I>noun </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 1 </SUP> <TT> in art </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> distorted | horizontal, vertical </B> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> in ~, out of ~ </B><I>That tree is out of perspective. </I> </P> <P> <U> PHRASES </U><B> the laws of perspective </B> </P> <P> <SUP> 2 </SUP> <TT> attitude to sth </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> different, new | broader, wider | proper, true </B><I>We can now see things in their true perspective. </I><B>| cultural, historical, political, social, theoretical, etc. </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + PERSPECTIVE </U><B> get sth in/into, place sth in/into, put sth in/into, see sth in </B><I>Her death put everything else into perspective. </I><B>| gain, get, put </B><I>When you reach middle age you get a different perspective on life. This website puts a completely different perspective on world news. </I><B>| keep | lose | adopt </B><I>The book adopts a historical perspective. </I><B>| shift | provide </B> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> from the ~ of </B><I>We should view this from the perspective of the people involved. </I><B>| in/into ~ </B><I>Let's get this into perspective. </I><B>| ~ in </B><I>a feminist perspective in philosophy </I><B>| ~ on/upon </B><I>It's easy to lose perspective on things when you are under stress. </I> </P> <P> <U> PHRASES </U><B> a sense of perspective</B> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
23223basic<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>basics </B><I>noun </I> </P> <P> <U> VERB + BASICS </U><B> grasp, know, learn, master, pick up, understand | cover </B><I>The book covers the basics of massage. </I><B>| concentrate on, stick to </B><I>It's best to stick to basics when planning such a large party. </I><B>| get/go back to, get down to </B><I>It's time our education system got back to basics </I> </P> <P> <U> PHRASES </U><B> get the basics right </B><I>The important thing is to get the basics right. </I> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
24224belief<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>belief </B><I>noun </I> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> absolute, deep-seated, deeply held, fervent, firm, passionate, profound, strong, strongly held, unshakeable | genuine, honest, sincere </B><I>She was strict with her children in the genuine belief that it was the right thing to do. </I><B>| entrenched, fanatical | common, commonly held, general, popular, widely held, widespread | growing | long-held, long-standing | </B><I>belief how things could have got this bad. </I> </P> <P> <U> BELIEF + VERB </U><B> persist </B><I>Belief in the magical properties of this herb persisted down the centuries. </I> </P> <P> <U> BELIEF + NOUN </U><B> system </B> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> beyond ~ </B>(= too great, difficult, etc. to be believed) <I>Dissatisfaction with the government has grown beyond belief. icy air that was cold beyond belief </I><B>| in the ~ that </B><I>She did it in the belief that it would </I> <B>basic, central, core, fundamental </B><I>the basic beliefs of Christianityhelp her career. </I><B>| ~ about </B><I>beliefs </I> <B>| personal, private </B><I>I think the rights and wrongs of eating meat are a matter of personal belief. </I><B>| rational, reasonable | irrational, superstitious | instinctive | naive | strange | conflicting, contradictory | erroneous, false, misguided, mistaken </B><I>I took the job in the mistaken belief that I would be able to stay in London. </I><B>| ancient, traditional </B><I>The people still follow their traditional beliefs. </I> <B>| orthodox | cultural, moral, political, religious, spiritual </B><I>They were persecuted for their religious beliefs. </I><B>| Catholic, Christian, pagan, etc. </B> </P> <P> <U> QUANT. </U><B> set, system </B><I>Each religion has its set of beliefs. </I> </P> <P> <U> VERB + BELIEF </U><B> have, hold </B><I>I have very firm beliefs about moral issues. </I><B>| share </B><I>He shared his father's belief that people should work hard for their living. </I><B>| adhere to, cling to, follow, hold on to, stick to </B><I>She clung to the belief that he would come back to her. The Labour Party must stick to its beliefs. </I><B>| abandon, give up, renounce | lose </B><I>She has lost her belief in God. </I><B>| affirm, assert, declare, express, state </B><I>Here the apostle Peter affirms his belief that the scriptures are &lsquo;inspired&rsquo;. </I><B>| emphasize, stress | encourage, foster, fuel </B><I>The exam results encouraged the belief that he was a good teacher. </I><B>| confirm, reinforce, strengthen, support </B><I>This latest evidence strengthens our belief that the government is doing the right thing. </I><B>| question, shake, shatter, undermine, weaken </B><I>The child's death shook her belief in God. </I><B>| respect </B><I>You must respect other people's beliefs. </I><B>| beggar, defy </B>(= to be impossible to believe) <I>It beggars about the origin of the universe </I><B>| ~ among </B><I>There is a belief among young people that education is a waste of time. </I><B>| ~ in </B><I>a belief in God </I> </P> <P> <U> PHRASES </U><B> contrary to popular belief </B>(= in spite of what people think) <I>Contrary to popular belief, rainforests are not jungles through which you have to slash a path. </I> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
25225technique<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>technique </B><I>noun </I> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> effective, powerful, useful | basic, simple | conventional, established, standard, traditional | advanced, modern, sophisticated | ingenious | alternative, experimental | assessment, communication, dating, evaluation, exam/examination, farming, interview, management, manufacturing, marketing, problem-solving, recording, relaxation, research, sales, teaching, training </B><I>She needs to work on her interview technique if she's going to get a job. </I><B>| analytical, mathematical, medical, photographic, scientific, statistical, surgical </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + TECHNIQUE </U><B> have </B><I>He has an ingenious technique for dealing with problems of that sort. </I><B>| adopt, apply, deploy, employ, implement, try, use </B><I>On the walls I applied the same technique as I had used for the ceiling. </I><B>| develop, devise, pioneer </B><I>The technique was pioneered in California. </I><B>| acquire, learn, master, practise </B><I>struggling to master the new technique </I><B>| adapt, improve, perfect, work at/on | demonstrate, describe </B> </P> <P> <U> TECHNIQUE + VERB </U><B> allow sth, enable sth </B><I>Modern freezing techniques enable the chickens to be stored for weeks. </I><B>| work </B><I>The new technique works better than the one it has replaced. </I><B>| be based on sth, be derived from sth </B><I>singing techniques derived from Tibetan music </I> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> ~ for </B><I>techniques for the storage of data </I><B>| ~ in </B><I>They learn basic techniques in self-defence. </I> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
26226outcome<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>outcome </B><I>noun </I> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> desirable, desired, favourable, good, happy, positive, satisfactory, successful | negative, unfortunate, unsatisfactory | fatal, tragic | possible | likely, probable | anticipated, expected, inevitable, intended, logical, predicted | unexpected | immediate | actual, eventual, final, long-term, ultimate | direct </B><I>a direct outcome of the strike </I><B>| practical | educational, electoral, political, etc. </B><I>(all technical) </I> </P> <P> <U> VERB + OUTCOME </U><B> affect, influence | decide, determine | achieve, have, produce </B><I>Their strategy produced the desired outcome. </I><B>| evaluate, measure </B><I>(technical) The aim is to evaluate possible outcomes. </I> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> ~ of </B><I>the outcome of the election </I> </P> <P> <U> PHRASES </U><B> whatever the outcome </B><I>Whatever the final outcome of the talks, the war should end soon. </I> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
27227explore<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>explorer </B><I>noun </I> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> great </B><I>the great British explorers of the sixteenth century </I><B>| intrepid | Antarctic, Arctic, polar</B> </P> </DIV><DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>explore </B><I>verb </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 1 </SUP> <TT> travel around an area </TT> </P> <P> <U> VERB + EXPLORE </U><B> be keen to, want to, wish to | be free to </B><I>In the afternoon you'll be free to explore a little on your own. </I> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> for </B><I>exploring for oil </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 2 </SUP> <TT> think about sth in detail </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADV. </U><B> extensively | briefly | fully, thoroughly </B><I>These questions have not been fully explored yet. </I><B>| properly, systematically | carefully, in detail </B><I>This idea is worth exploring in some detail. </I><B>| further | usefully </B><I>The film usefully explores some of the issues surrounding adoption. </I> </P> <P> <U> VERB + EXPLORE </U><B> need to | be keen to, want to, wish to | aim to, seek to | begin to, continue to</B> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
28228distribution<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>distribution </B><I>noun </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 1 </SUP> <TT> way sth is shared or exists over an area </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> egalitarian, equitable, fair </B><I>to ensure a fair distribution of wealth </I> <B>| inequitable, unfair | equal </B><I>an equal distribution of wealth between people of different age groups </I><B>| unequal | even, uniform </B><I>After applying the cream, comb through to ensure even distribution. </I><B>| uneven </B><I>The country was noted for its uneven distribution of land resources. </I><B>| optimal, optimum | relative </B><I>the relative distribution of continents and oceans </I><B>| general, overall </B><I>the general distribution of earthquakes around the world </I><B>| broad, wide, widespread </B><I>the broad distribution of Bronze Age artefacts across Europe the wider distribution of wealth throughout society </I><B>| local, localized </B><I>Fish populations assume highly localized distributions within each river. </I><B>| global, regional, </B> worldwide | spatial | income, wealth | weight | age, class, <B>geographical, population, sex, social </B><I>the social class distribution of the male population </I><B>| normal, random, skewed, smooth </B><I>(all mathematics) a normal distribution with a bell-shaped frequency curve </I><B>| binomial, frequency, probability </B><I>(all mathematics) </I> </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + DISTRIBUTION </U><B> achieve, ensure </B><I>The engine is mounted in the middle to achieve a more even weight distribution. </I><B>| determine </B><I>Radiology was used to determine the distribution of the disease. </I><B>| have, show </B><I>(mathematics) These birds have a wide geographical distribution. IQs within the population show a normal distribution. </I> </P> <P> <U> DISTRIBUTION + NOUN </U><B> pattern </B><I>Animal herds may form in response to the distribution patterns of food. </I><B>| map </B><I>an atlas containing distribution maps of the most important tropical diseases </I> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> ~ across </B><I>the distribution of resources across society </I><B>| ~ among </B><I>data on wealth distribution among age groups </I><B>| ~ between </B><I>a disparity in age distribution between groups </I><B>| ~ over </B><I>the distribution of trees over the estate </I><B>| ~ throughout </B><I>uniform distribution of the chemical throughout the timber </I> </P> <P> <U> PHRASES </U><B> a change in distribution </B><I>changes in the distribution of wealth and income </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 2 </SUP> <TT> giving/delivering sth to people </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> free </B><I>The document contains sensitive information and is not suitable for free </I>(= unrestricted) </B><I>distribution. The previously free </I> (= not paid for) </B><I>distribution of textbooks will now be confined to students who are needy. </I><B>| general </B><I>Our catalogue lists all our books that are available for general distribution. </I><B>| selective | exclusive </B><I>The publisher has signed an agreement for the exclusive distribution of the books in the US. </I> <B>| proper | electronic </B><I>the electronic distribution of software to customers </I><B>| global, international, local, national, worldwide </B><I>Roads are used for local distribution of goods. </I><B>| electricity, food, fuel, gas, land, milk, water </B><I>the creation of 1,500 smallholdings as part of a land distribution programme </I><B>| retail, wholesale </B><I>the wholesale and retail distribution of a huge variety of goods </I> </P> <P> <U> VERB + DISTRIBUTION </U><B> control, handle, organize </B><I>The company is to handle the distribution of the product in Europe. </I><B>| available for </B><I>2,000 copies of the booklet have been printed and are available for distribution. </I><B>| ensure </B><I>to ensure the proper distribution of medical aid </I><B>| allow (for) </B><I>to allow for the distribution of aid </I> </P> <P> <U> DISTRIBUTION + NOUN </U><B> agreement, arrangement, deal </B><I>Her company has signed a non-exclusive distribution agreement. </I><B>| list </B><I>I attach a copy of the distribution list so you can see who got the last edition. </I><B>| rights | costs | channel </B><I>We have man </I> <B>| network | method | system | facilities </B><I>The company wants to invest in new distribution facilities. </I> <B>| base, centre, depot, outlet, point </B><I>The company has decided to use Belfast as its distribution base. </I> | operation </B><I>The company has manufacturing or distribution operations in 33 countries worldwide. </I><B>| business, company | industry </B> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> for ~ </B><I>free colour leaflets for distribution overseas </I><B>| ~ among </B><I>food for distribution among the villagers </I><B>| ~ between </B><I>the distribution of the health budget between various hospitals </I><B>| ~ by </B><I>the distribution by the government of a leaflet explaining the new tax </I><B>| ~ through </B><I>distribution through department stores </I><B>| ~ to </B><I>The food was parcelled up for distribution to outlying communities. </I> </P> <P> <U> PHRASES </U><B> a/the chain of distribution </B><I>There are savings to be made where retailers are bypassed in the chain of distribution. </I><B>| a channel of distribution </B> </P> <P> <SUP> 3 </SUP> <TT> payment </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> capital, dividend, share | cash </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + DISTRIBUTION </U><B> make </B><I>When are distributions likely to be made to creditors? </I><B>| be available for </B><I>These are company reserves available for distribution as the directors may determine. </I> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> ~ to </B><I>The promissory notes were purchased for distribution to investors. </I> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
29229future<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>future </B><I>noun </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 1 </SUP> <TT> time that will come after the present </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> foreseeable, immediate, near, not-too-distant </B><I>Things will continue as they are for the foreseeable future. A new branch of the shop will be opening in the near future. </I><B>| distant, remote </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + FUTURE </U><B> look to, plan for </B><I>Don't think too much about past troubles?look to the future. </I><B>| foretell, look into, predict </B> </P> <P> <U> FUTURE + VERB </U><B> bring (sb), hold </B><I>whatever the future may bring you Who can tell what the future holds? </I> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> for the ~ </B><I>What are your plans for the future? </I><B>| in (the) ~ </B><I>In future, employees will park their vehicles away from the works entrance. The possibility of travel to other solar systems still lies in the distant future. </I><B>| of the ~ </B><I>The stars of the future are competing in the world junior athletics championships this month. </I> </P> <P> <U> PHRASES </U><B> a vision for/of the future </B><I>In her speech, the director outlined her vision for the future. </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 2 </SUP> <TT> what will happen to sb/sth </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> bright, great, promising, rosy, secure </B><I>He has a great future as a designer. </I><B>| bleak, dire, gloomy, grim, uncertain </B><I>He forecasts a dire future for the industry. </I><B>| long-term | economic, financial, political </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + FUTURE </U><B> face, have </B><I>The firm faces a very uncertain future. </I><B>| determine, shape </B><I>the right to determine their own future in a democratic fashion </I><B>| forecast, predict, see | consider, ponder (on) </B><I>After being dropped from the team the young defender is considering his future. </I><B>| invest in </B><I>She decided to invest in her future by taking a management course. </I> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> ~ as </B><I>She has a very promising future as a musician. </I><B>| ~ in </B><I>He could see no future in his job. </I> </P> <P> <U> PHRASES </U><B> a question mark over the future of sb/sth </B><I>A question mark hangs over the future of the company after shares plunged to a record low. </I> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
30230importance<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>importance </B><I>noun </I> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> cardinal, central, considerable, critical, crucial, </B> enormous, especial, extreme, fundamental, great, high, <B>immense, key, major, outstanding, overriding, </B> overwhelming, paramount, particular, primary, prime, <B>profound, real, special, supreme, tremendous, vital | first, greatest, highest, utmost </B><I>This information is of the first importance. It is of the utmost importance that you arrive on time. </I><B>| growing, increasing | declining </B><I>the declining importance of manufacturing industry </I><B>| lesser, limited, marginal, minor, secondary | direct | general | added | immediate | continued/continuing, lasting | equal | relative | intrinsic | obvious | perceived </B><I>differences in the perceived importance of the different subjects in the curriculum </I><B>| potential | public | international, national | practical | theoretical | symbolic </B><I>the symbolic importance of iron in German culture </I><B>| archaeological, commercial, constitutional, cultural, ecological, economic, environmental, historical, legal, military, political, social, strategic </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + IMPORTANCE </U><B> have </B><I>These finds have considerable archaeological importance. </I><B>| assume, take on </B><I>Childcare schemes take on an added importance at a time of national recession. </I><B>| grow in, increase in, rise in | decline in, diminish in, fall in </B><I>The overseas markets have now declined in importance. </I><B>| attach, give sth, place </B><I>To what objectives do you attach most importance? the importance placed on cleanliness </I><B>| accept, acknowledge, appreciate, be aware of, grasp, realize, recognize, see, understand </B><I>People were aware of the importance of working with nature. </I><B>| demonstrate, illustrate, indicate, point to, reflect, show, suggest </B><I>Figure 2.2 shows the relative importance of the different service industries. </I><B>| assert | deny | confirm | draw attention to, emphasize, highlight, point up, promote, stress, underline </B><I>The manual stresses the importance of regular maintenance. </I><B>| diminish, downplay, minimize, play down, underplay </B><I>She was inclined to play down the importance of her own role in the affair. </I><B>| exaggerate, overestimate | underestimate, undervalue </B><I>Don't underestimate the importance of neat presentation. </I><B>| increase | reduce | consider, discuss | explain | cast/throw doubt on, doubt, question </B><I>No one can seriously question the political importance of the environment. </I><B>| forget, ignore, overlook </B> </P> <P> <U> IMPORTANCE + VERB </U><B> arise from sth, lie in sth </B><I>The town's importance lies in the richness and quality of its architecture. </I><B>| depend on sth </B> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> of &hellip; ~ </B><I>The railways were of crucial importance in opening up the American West. </I><B>| ~ for </B><I>an area of enormous importance for wildlife </I><B>| ~ to </B><I>the importance to the country of a healthy economy </I> </P> <P> <U> PHRASES </U><B> in order of importance </B><I>Deal with the issues in order of importance. </I><B>| a matter of importance</B> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
31231independent<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>independent </B><I>adj. </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 1 </SUP> <TT> not needing other people </TT> </P> <P> <U> VERBS </U><B> be, feel, seem | become | remain | make sb </B><I>Travelling in Asia has made her a lot more independent. </I> </P> <P> <U> ADV. </U><B> fiercely, sturdily, very </B><I>Many disabled people are fiercely independent. </I><B>| completely | fairly, pretty, quite | economically, financially </B> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> of </B><I>By the age of eighteen he was completely independent of his parents. </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 2 </SUP> <TT> not influenced or controlled by anyone else </TT> </P> <P> <U> VERBS </U><B> be | become | remain | make sth | declare sth </B><I>In 1961 the country was declared independent. </I> </P> <P> <U> ADV. </U><B> completely, entirely, fully, genuinely, quite, totally, truly, wholly | almost, fairly, largely, virtually | increasingly | effectively, essentially </B><I>The country has pursued an effectively independent line on military issues. </I><B>| nominally, supposedly | newly </B><I>newly independent countries </I><B>| politically </B> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> from </B><I>The country became fully independent from France in 1960. </I><B>| of </B><I>an organization that is independent of the government </I> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
32232initial<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>initial </B><I>noun </I> </P> <P> <U> VERB + INITIAL </U><B> have </B><I>The two authors have the same initials. </I><B>| be/become known by </B><I>She's always been known by her initials. </I><B>| use | bear, carry </B><I>A stone over the door bears the initials &lsquo;R.P.&rsquo;, which stand for &lsquo;Ralph Piggot&rsquo;. </I><B>| carve, embroider, engrave (sth with), mark sth with, monogram sth with, put, sign, stamp (sth with), write </B><I>He carved his girlfriend's initials in the rock. Now that she was managing director she could put the initials MD after her name. </I> </P> <P> <U> INITIAL + VERB </U><B> stand for sth </B> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> ~ for </B><I>When writing, if you use initials for a long name, make sure you spell out the name at least once. </I> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
33233feature<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>feature </B><I>noun </I> </B> </P> <P> <SUP> 1 </SUP> <TT> important part of sth </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> basic, central, essential, important, key, main, major, significant | conspicuous, distinctive, distinguishing, dominant, notable, noteworthy, noticeable, predominant, prominent </B><I>a distinctive feature of his poems </I><B>| outstanding, remarkable, striking | attractive, endearing, eye-catching | interesting, special, unusual | salient </B><I>He took me around our new offices, pointing out all the salient features. </I><B>| useful | characteristic, typical | unique | common </B><I>the common feature in all these cases </I><B>| permanent, regular </B><I>These walks became a regular feature of his day. </I><B>| recurring </B><I>Self-deprecation is a recurring feature as Stevenson talks. </I><B>| redeeming </B><I>The one redeeming feature of the scheme was its low cost to the council. </I><B>| original </B><I>The house retains most of its original features. </I><B>| built-in | additional | constructional, design, physical, structural | energy-saving, safety </B><I>a car with new built-in safety features </I> </P> <P> <U> VERB + FEATURE </U><B> have </B><I>The site had a number of interesting features. </I><B>| retain | point out </B> </P> <P> <U> FEATURE + VERB </U><B> distinguish sth </B><I>the essential feature that distinguishes anorexia nervosa from other eating disorders </I><B>| characterize sth </B><I>A feature that characterizes all anteaters is an extremely slow metabolic rate. </I><B>| include sth </B><I>Special features include passenger airbags and an electric sunroof. </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 2 </SUP> <TT> features: sb's face </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> handsome | delicate, fine | rugged </B><I>admiring his rugged features </I><B>| chiselled </B><I>a slim figure with strongly chiselled features </I><B>| aquiline, hawk-like | facial </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + FEATURE </U><B> have </B><I>She's got very delicate features. </I> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> with ~ </B><I>a young woman with fine features </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 3 </SUP> <TT> newspaper article/television item </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> big, major, special | regular </B><I>The magazine runs a regular feature on ethnic cooking. </I><B>| in-depth </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + FEATURE </U><B> do, have, publish, run </B><I>Next month they will publish a special feature on computer books. </I> </P> <P> <U> FEATURE + NOUN </U><B> writer </B> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> ~ on </B><I>an in-depth feature on the Italian fashion scene </I> </P> </DIV><DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>feature </B><I>verb </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 1 </SUP> <TT> include sth as an important part </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADV. </U><B> regularly </B><I>Women's magazines regularly feature diets and exercise regimes. </I><B>| rarely </B> </P> <P> <U> PHRASES </U><B> be featured in/on sth </B><I>His work is featured in a special documentary tonight. The school has been featured on television. </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 2 </SUP> <TT> have a part in sth </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADV. </U><B> heavily, highly, largely, prominently, significantly, strongly </B><I>Reading over his past speeches, you'll see that housing, public health and education feature strongly. </I> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> in </B><I>Garlic features prominently in her recipes. </I> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
34234desire<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>desire </B><I>noun </I> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> burning, deep, great, strong, urgent | insatiable, overwhelming </B><I>Most children have an insatiable desire for knowledge. </I><B>| genuine, real | natural | sexual </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + DESIRE </U><B> feel, have </B><I>I suddenly felt an overwhelming desire to laugh </I><B>| express </B><I>The chairman expressed his desire to expand the company. </I><B>| satisfy | be motivated by </B><I>They were motivated by a deep desire for money and fame. </I> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> ~ for </B><I>Horses need to satisfy their desire for space and freedom. </I> </P> <P> <U> PHRASES </U><B> an object of desire </B><I>He felt he was nothing more to her than an object of desire. </I> </P> </DIV><DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>desire </B><I>verb </I> </P> <P> <U> ADV. </U><B> greatly, really, sincerely, very much </B><I>A home of her own was something she had always very much desired. </I> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
35235following<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>following </B><I>noun </I> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> big, considerable, great, large, mass, strong | limited, small | local | dedicated, devoted, faithful, fanatical, loyal | enthusiastic | personal | cult </B><I>They enjoy a cult following in the UK. </I> </P> <P> <U> VERB + FOLLOWING </U><B> command, enjoy, have | acquire, attract, build up, create, gain, gather </B> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> ~ among </B><I>Top of the range Scotches attract a fanatical following among whisky buffs. </I> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
36236alternative<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>alternative </B><I>noun </I> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> attractive, constructive, effective, good, radical, useful | acceptable, available, credible, possible, practical, real, realistic, reasonable, satisfactory, serious, suitable, viable </B><I>Is there a viable alternative to prison? </I><B>| clear, obvious | cheap, healthy, interesting, safe </B><I>a healthier alternative to fizzy drinks </I> </P> <P> <U> VERB + ALTERNATIVE </U><B> have </B><I>We have two alternatives. </I><B>| offer, provide </B><I>His idea seemed to offer a possible alternative. </I><B>| seek </B><I>seeking alternatives to nuclear power </I><B>| find </B><I>We'll have to find an alternative. </I> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> ~ for </B><I>There is no alternative for those with no car of their own. </I><B>| ~ to </B><I>Is there an alternative to surgery for this complaint? </I> </P> <P> <U> PHRASES </U><B> have little/no alternative (but to) </B><I>She had no alternative but to do as he said. </I><B>| leave sb with no alternative (but to) </B><I>He was left with no alternative but to hobble to the nearest telephone box. </I> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
37237consistent<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>consistent </B><I>adj. </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 1 </SUP> <TT> always behaving in the same way </TT> </P> <P> <U> VERBS </U><B> be | remain </B> </P> <P> <U> ADV. </U><B> highly, remarkably, very | absolutely, completely, entirely, quite, wholly </B><I>His attitude isn't absolutely consistent. </I><B>| largely | fairly, reasonably </B> </P> <P> <SUP> 2 </SUP> <TT> in agreement with sth </TT> </P> <P> <U> VERBS </U><B> be, seem | remain </B> </P> <P> <U> ADV. </U><B> completely, entirely, fully, perfectly | broadly, largely | fairly, quite, reasonably | internally </B><I>His argument is not even internally consistent </I>(= different parts of the argument contradict each other)</B><I>. </I><B>| mutually </B><I>It is desirable that domestic and EU law should be mutually consistent. </I><B>| logically </B> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> across </B><I>These findings are consistent across all the studies. </I><B>| with </B><I>The figures are fully consistent with last year's results. </I> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
38238basis<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>basics </B><I>noun </I> </P> <P> <U> VERB + BASICS </U><B> grasp, know, learn, master, pick up, understand | cover </B><I>The book covers the basics of massage. </I><B>| concentrate on, stick to </B><I>It's best to stick to basics when planning such a large party. </I><B>| get/go back to, get down to </B><I>It's time our education system got back to basics </I> </P> <P> <U> PHRASES </U><B> get the basics right </B><I>The important thing is to get the basics right. </I> </P> </DIV><DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>basis </B><I>noun </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 1 </SUP> <TT> starting point </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> firm, solid, sound </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + BASIS </U><B> form, provide </B> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> ~ for </B><I>The proposal provides a sound basis for a book. </I> </P> <P> <U> PHRASES </U><B> have no basis in sth </B><I>These allegations have no basis in fact. </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 2 </SUP> <TT> principle/reason </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> whole </B> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> on the ~ of </B><I>We made our decision on the basis of the information we had. </I><B>| ~ for </B><I>The whole basis for your argument is false. </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 3 </SUP> <TT> way sth is done/organized </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> regular | daily, monthly, weekly, etc. </B><I>Staff are employed on a monthly basis. </I><B>| permanent, temporary | casual, part-time, voluntary | commercial </B> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> on a &hellip; ~</B> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
39239contrast<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>contrast </B><I>noun </I> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> clear, marked, sharp, stark, startling, striking, strong </B><I>There is a stark contrast between the lives of the rich and those of the poor. </I><B>| complete, direct </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + CONTRAST </U><B> make, offer, provide </B><I>The fresh fruit provides a contrast to the rich chocolate pudding. </I> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> by ~ </B><I>When you look at their new system, ours seems very old-fashioned by contrast. </I><B>| in ~ (to/with) </B><I>The company lost $13 million this year, in contrast with a profit of $15 million last year. </I><B>| ~ between, ~ in </B><I>The contrast in appearance between the sisters was striking. </I><B>| ~ to </B><I>This busy social life was a complete contrast to his old quiet life. </I> </P> <P> <U> PHRASES </U><B> stand in &hellip; contrast to sb/sth </B><I>Their attitudes towards love and marriage stand in stark contrast to those of their parents. </I> </P> </DIV><DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>contrast </B><I>verb </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 1 </SUP> <TT> compare things in order to show differences </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADV. </U><B> favourably, unfavourably </B><I>He contrasted her brashness unfavourably with his mother's gentleness. </I> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> with </B> </P> <P> <U> PHRASES </U><B> compare and contrast </B><I>Compare and contrast the two main characters in the play. </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 2 </SUP> <TT> be clearly different </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADV. </U><B> markedly, sharply, starkly, strikingly, strongly, vividly | nicely | oddly | favourably, unfavourably </B><I>The open approach contrasts favourably with the exclusivity of some universities. </I> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> with </B><I>This statement contrasts starkly with his previous statements. </I> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
40240obtain<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>obtain </B><I>verb </I> </P> <P> <U> ADV. </U><B> fraudulently, unlawfully </B><I>(law) </I> </P> <P> <U> VERB + OBTAIN </U><B> be able/unable to | attempt to, endeavour to | fail to | assist sb to, enable sb to </B><I>The local authority may assist you to obtain alternative accommodation. </I><B>| be easy to, be possible to | be difficult to, be impossible to </B><I>goods which are difficult to obtain </I><B>| be necessary to, be required to, need to </B><I>It is necessary to obtain the patients' consent. </I> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> from </B><I>Anglers are required to obtain prior authorization from the park keeper. </I> </P> <P> <U> PHRASES </U><B> be easily obtained </B><I>Such information is easily obtained from the Internet. </I><B>| sth can/may be obtained </B><I>Details of this offer can be obtained from any of our stores. </I><B>| a means/method/way of obtaining sth</B> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
41241regarding<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
42242european<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
43243distinction<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>distinction </B><I>noun </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 1 </SUP> <TT> clear difference </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> critical, crucial, important, key, main, major, vital | basic, essential, fundamental, underlying | clear, clear-cut, definite, marked, obvious, real, rigid, sharp, strong | fine, subtle | broad, general | crude, simple | logical, valid | useful | arbitrary, artificial | invidious </B><I>making invidious distinctions between the &lsquo;deserving&rsquo; and the &lsquo;undeserving&rsquo; poor </I><B>| absolute </B><I>Is there always an absolute distinction between right and wrong? </I><B>| conventional, old, traditional </B><I>the conventional distinction between pure and applied science </I><B>| formal | conceptual | theoretical | class, cultural, gender, moral </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + DISTINCTION </U><B> draw, make </B><I>She draws an important distinction between the different kinds of illness. </I><B>| recognize, see </B><I>We can see a sharp distinction between ambition and greed. </I><B>| blur </B><I>blurring the distinction between amateur and professional players </I> </P> <P> <U> DISTINCTION + VERB </U><B> lie </B><I>Cultural distinctions lie at the heart of these issues. </I> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> without ~ </B><I>All groups are entitled to this money without distinction </I>(= without a difference being made between them)</B><I>. </I><B>| ~ between </B> </P> <P> <SUP> 2 </SUP> <TT> excellence/fame </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> considerable, great | modest | dubious | rare | unique | added | academic, intellectual, professional, social </B><I>Wearing the county tie was a mark of modest social distinction. </I> </P> <P> <U> VERB + DISTINCTION </U><B> have </B><I>He has the dubious distinction of being the first railway baron to go bankrupt. </I><B>| achieve </B><I>She achieved distinction in several fields of scholarship. </I><B>| add </B><I>Fennel leaves add distinction to any dish. </I> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> of ~ </B><I>She is a historian of great distinction. </I><B>| with ~ </B><I>He served with distinction in the First World War. </I> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
44244express<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>express </B><I>verb </I> </P> <P> <U> ADV. </U><B> well </B><I>Perhaps I have not expressed myself very well. </I><B>| fully </B><I>She expresses herself most fully in her paintings. </I><B>| openly </B><I>He expressed his anger openly. </I><B>| clearly | cogently </B><I>Students must learn to express a point of view cogently and with clarity. </I><B>| exactly, precisely | concisely, succinctly | eloquently </B><I>The poet eloquently expresses the sense of lost innocence. </I> </P> <P> <U> VERB + EXPRESS </U><B> be/feel able/unable to </B><I>Many patients feel unable to express their fears. </I><B>| find it difficult to </B> </P> <P> <U> PHRASES </U><B> a chance/an opportunity to express sth</B> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
45245variety<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>variety </B><I>noun </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 1 </SUP> <TT> not being the same; different kinds of sth </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> amazing, astonishing, bewildering, considerable, endless, enormous, exciting, extraordinary, fascinating, good, great, huge, impressive, incredible, infinite, large, remarkable, rich, surprising, tremendous, vast, wide, wonderful </B><I>The market sold a bewildering variety of cheeses. the rich variety of the local bird life </I> </P> <P> <U> VERB + VARIETY </U><B> add, give, offer </B><I>Dealing with customers adds variety to the job. </I> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> of &hellip; ~ </B><I>a country of great variety </I><B>| ~ in </B><I>There is wide variety in shape and colour. </I><B>| ~ of </B><I>Menus offer a good variety of seafood. </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 2 </SUP> <TT> particular type of sth </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> distinctive | common-or-garden, standard | rare, unusual | different </B><I>There are hundreds of different varieties of apple. </I><B>| new, old </B><I>Old varieties of rose can be less resistant to diseases. </I> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
46246broad<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>broad </B><I>adj. </I> </P> <P> <U> VERBS </U><B> be </B> </P> <P> <U> ADV. </U><B> extremely, very | fairly, pretty, quite, rather, reasonably, relatively | enough, sufficiently </B><I>He questioned whether the school curriculum was broad enough in scope. </I><B>| unusually </B><I>His job gave him an acquaintance with an unusually broad spectrum of society. </I> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
47247component<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>component </B><I>noun </I> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> basic, central, core, critical, crucial, essential, fundamental, important, integral, key, main, major, necessary, principal, significant, vital | minor | common </B><I>The researchers discovered a common component in all types of the organism. </I><B>| standard </B><I>Our software is becoming a standard component of many computer systems. </I><B>| individual, separate, simple </B><I>Individual components for the car can be very expensive. </I><B>| chemical, genetic | electrical, electronic | aircraft, engine, etc. | course </B> </P> <P> <U> COMPONENT + NOUN </U><B> failure </B><I>Component failure was the cause of the accident. </I><B>| manufacturer, supplier </B> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> ~ in </B><I>a crucial component in our success. </I> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
48248frequently<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
49249assume<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>assume </B><I>verb </I> </P> <P> <U> ADV. </U><B> automatically, naturally </B><I>I automatically assumed that you knew about this. </I><B>| reasonably, safely </B><I>I think we can safely assume that this situation will continue. </I> </P> <P> <U> VERB + ASSUME </U><B> can, might | tend to | be fair to, be reasonable to, be safe to </B><I>It is reasonable to assume that the economy will continue to improve. </I><B>| be a mistake to, be wrong to | be easy to </B><I>It's all too easy to assume that people know what they are doing. </I> </P> <P> <U> PHRASES </U><B> let us assume </B><I>Let us assume for a moment that the plan succeeds. </I> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
50250additional<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
51251tool<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>tool </B><I>noun </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 1 </SUP> <TT> instrument for making/repairing things </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> general-purpose, multi-purpose | basic, primitive, standard, traditional </B><I>craftsmen using traditional tools </I><B>| sophisticated, special | sharp | rusting/rusty | cutting, drawing, measuring | cordless, hand, machine, power | agricultural, engineering, farm, garden/gardening, industrial, woodworking </B> </P> <P> <U> QUANT. </U><B> set </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + TOOL </U><B> use | sharpen | blunt </B><I>Cutting concrete would blunt a metal-cutting tool. </I><B>| down ~s </B><I>Workers downed tools </I>(= stopped work) </B><I>in protest at poor safety standards in the works. </I> </P> <P> <U> TOOL + NOUN </U><B> kit </B> </P> <P> <U> PHRASES </U><B> the tool/tools of the trade </B><I>The guitarist opened the case and took out the tool of his trade. </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 2 </SUP> <TT> sth that helps you do/achieve sth </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> effective, essential, important, indispensable, invaluable, major, necessary, powerful, useful, valuable, vital | educational, learning, reference, research </B><I>This dictionary is an invaluable reference tool for advanced learners. </I><B>| ideological, negotiating, political, propaganda </B><I>We must ensure that education is not used as a political tool. </I><B>| communication, management, marketing | analysis/analytical, design, desktop, development, drawing, multimedia, presentation, programming, software</B> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
52252predict<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>predict </B><I>verb </I> </P> <P> <U> ADV. </U><B> accurately, correctly, reliably, successfully, with accuracy/certainty </B><I>It is not possible to predict with any certainty what effect this will have. </I><B>| exactly, precisely | confidently | wrongly </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + PREDICT </U><B> be able/unable to, can/could | try to | dare (to) </B><I>Few would have dared to predict such a landslide victory. </I><B>| fail to | be difficult to, be hard to, be impossible to | be easy to, be possible to | use sth to </B><I>a computer model used to predict future weather patterns </I><B>| allow sb to, enable sb to </B><I>Newton's theories allow us to predict the flight of a cricket ball. </I> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> from </B><I>We can predict from this information what is likely to happen next. </I> </P> <P> <U> PHRASES </U><B> be widely predicted </B><I>This result had been widely predicted by the opinion polls. </I> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
53253internal<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
54254labor<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>labour </B><I>noun </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 1 </SUP> <TT> work </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> manual, physical | forced, hard </B><I>He was sentenced to four years hard labour for his crime. </I> </P> <P> <U> VERB + LABOUR </U><B> withdraw </B><I>The miners are threatening to withdraw their labour. </I> </P> <P> <U> LABOUR + NOUN </U><B> market </B><I>an increasingly competitive labour market </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 2 </SUP> <TT> workers </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> cheap | casual | skilled, unskilled | child, migrant, slave </B><I>It is thought that Stonehenge was built using slave labour. </I> </P> <P> <U> LABOUR + NOUN </U><B> force </B><I>the size of the labour force </I><B>| cost/costs | relations </B> </P> <P> <SUP> 3 </SUP> <TT> giving birth </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> difficult, easy | long, short </B><I>The baby was born after a long labour. </I> </P> <P> <U> VERB + LABOUR </U><B> go into </B><I>She went into labour two weeks early. </I><B>| induce </B><I>Labour was induced when the baby was ten days overdue. </I> </P> <P> <U> LABOUR + NOUN </U><B> room, ward | pains </B> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> in ~ </B><I>She was in labour for ten hours. </I> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
55255engage<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>engaged </B><I>adj. </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 1 </SUP> <TT> doing sth </TT> </P> <P> <U> VERBS </U><B> be </B> </P> <P> <U> ADV. </U><B> deeply, heavily </B><I>those who are deeply engaged in party politics </I><B>| fully, totally | largely, mainly, primarily | directly | constantly | currently | actively, busily | otherwise </B><I>I'm afraid Mr Wilson cannot see you now as he is otherwise engaged. </I> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> in </B><I>She was engaged in conversation with a client. </I><B>| on </B><I>He is actively engaged on several projects. </I><B>| with </B><I>Mrs Scott is engaged with a customer at the moment. </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 2 </SUP> <TT> having promised to marry sb </TT> </P> <P> <U> VERBS </U><B> be | become, get </B><I>The couple got engaged last month. </I> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> to </B><I>She's engaged to an actor. </I> </P> </DIV><DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>engage </B><I>verb </I> </P> <P> <U> ADV. </U><B> directly, fully </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + ENGAGE </U><B> fail to, refuse to </B> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> with </B><I>acknowledging the need to engage directly with these problems </I><B>PHRASAL VERBS engage (sb) in sth </B> </P> <P> <U> ADV. </U><B> actively </B><I>people who actively engage in shaping the world they live in </I> </P> <P> <U> VERB + ENGAGE </U><B> attempt to, seek to, try to </B><I>He tried to engage me in conversation. </I><B>| be eager to, be willing to | be reluctant to, be unwilling to</B> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
56256separate<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>separate </B><I>adj. </I> </P> <P> <U> VERBS </U><B> be | become | remain | keep sb/sth </B><I>The women are kept separate from the men. </I><B>| consider sth </B> </P> <P> <U> ADV. </U><B> very, widely </B><I>I kept my two lives very separate. species from widely separate parts of the world </I><B>| absolutely, completely, entirely, quite, totally, wholly </B><I>The waste water is kept entirely separate from the rainwater. </I><B>| largely | rather, relatively, somewhat | essentially </B><I>The two groups are essentially separate and independent. </I><B>| apparently | hitherto, previously </B><I>to merge the two previously separate businesses </I><B>| geographically, physically </B> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> from </B><I>a lifestyle which is quite separate from that of her parents </I> </P> </DIV><DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>separate </B><I>verb </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 1 </SUP> <TT> move/keep people/things apart </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADV. </U><B> completely, totally | carefully | clearly </B><I>These two branches of the science have now become clearly separated. </I><B>| effectively | easily, readily </B><I>One cannot easily separate moral, social and political issues. </I><B>| formally | legally | physically, spatially | out </B><I>A magnet separates out scrap iron from the rubbish. </I> </P> <P> <U> VERB + SEPARATE </U><B> attempt to, try to | be difficult to, be hard to, be impossible to </B><I>It was impossible to separate the rival fans. </I> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> from </B><I>separating the boys from the girls </I><B>| into </B><I>I separated the documents into two piles. </I> </P> <P> <U> PHRASES </U><B> sharply separated </B><I>The disciplines of science and engineering are not always sharply separated. </I><B>| widely separated </B><I>The two groups became widely separated. </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 2 </SUP> <TT> stop living together </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADV. </U><B> legally </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + SEPARATE </U><B> decide to </B> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> from </B><I>She is separated from her husband. </I> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
57257highly<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
58258rely<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>rely </B><I>verb </I><B>PHRASAL VERBS rely on/upon sb/sth </B> </P> <P> <SUP> 1 </SUP> <TT> need sb/sth </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADV. </U><B> heavily, a lot, strongly </B><I>countries that rely heavily on food aid </I><B>| entirely, exclusively, solely | increasingly | largely, mainly | traditionally </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + RELY </U><B> be forced to, have to, must </B><I>people who are forced to rely on public transport </I><B>| tend to </B> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> for </B><I>They relied entirely on these few weapons for their defence. </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 2 </SUP> <TT> trust sb/sth </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADV. </U><B> safely </B><I>You can safely rely on his judgement. </I><B>| simply </B><I>Most historians simply rely on archives. </I> </P> <P> <U> VERB + RELY </U><B> can/could | can/could always | can/could no longer </B><I>The party could no longer rely on its traditional supporters. </I> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> for </B><I>I couldn't rely on John for information. </I> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
59259assess<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>assess </B><I>verb </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 1 </SUP> <TT> form an opinion </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADV. </U><B> fully | accurately, correctly, properly </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + ASSESS </U><B> attempt to, try to | help to | be difficult to </B><I>It is difficult to fully assess the damage. </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 2 </SUP> <TT> amount/value </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADV. </U><B> accurately, correctly, properly </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + ASSESS </U><B> attempt to, try to | be difficult to </B><I>It is difficult to assess the building's value properly without seeing it. </I> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> at </B><I>The legal costs have been assessed at </I>&pound;</B><I>75,000. </I> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
60260objective<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>objective </B><I>adj. </I> </P> <P> <U> VERBS </U><B> be, seem | remain </B> </P> <P> <U> ADV. </U><B> truly, very | completely, purely, totally, wholly </B><I>It is impossible to be completely objective. </I><B>| fairly, quite, reasonably | apparently | supposedly</B> </P> </DIV><DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>objective </B><I>noun </I> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> key, main, major, primary, prime, principal | broad, overall, overriding, ultimate | limited, narrow | long-term, short-term | clear, specific | stated </B><I>The legislation has failed to achieve its stated objectives. </I><B>| common </B><I>The two groups are pursuing a common objective. </I><B>| economic, educational, environmental, military, political, strategic | business, policy </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + OBJECTIVE </U><B> accomplish, achieve, attain, fulfil, meet, reach, succeed in </B><I>The department needs more money to fulfil its objectives. </I><B>| fail in | agree, define, establish, formulate, identify, set, specify </B><I>We need to establish a clear objective. </I><B>| declare, state | clarify | promote, pursue </B> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> in an/the ~ </B><I>The party is radical in its objectives. </I><B>| ~ of </B><I>We succeeded in our prime objective of cutting costs. </I> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
61261encourage<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>encourage </B><I>verb </I> </P> <P> <U> ADV. </U><B> greatly, strongly </B><I>We were greatly encouraged by the support we received. </I><B>| actively, positively </B><I>The government must actively encourage investment in these areas. </I> </P> <P> <U> VERB + ENCOURAGE </U><B> aim to | try to | be designed to </B><I>These questions are designed to encourage debate. </I><B>| be likely to </B><I>Newspapers should not publish material that is likely to encourage discrimination on the grounds of race or colour. </I> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> in </B><I>Her head of department encouraged her in her research work. </I> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
62262adopt<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>adopt </B><I>verb </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 1 </SUP> <TT> child </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADV. </U><B> legally </B><I>The child has now been legally adopted. </I> </P> <P> <U> PHRASES </U><B> have sb adopted </B><I>She was forced to have her baby adopted. </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 2 </SUP> <TT> take and use sth </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADV. </U><B> formally, officially </B><I>The policy has not yet been formally adopted. </I> </P> <P> <U> VERB + ADOPT </U><B> tend to | decide to | be forced to </B> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> towards </B><I>the policies employers adopt towards the labour force </I> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
63263view<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>view </B><I>noun </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 1 </SUP> <TT> opinion/idea about sth </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> general, popular, prevailing, widely held </B><I>The prevailing view is that he has done a good job in difficult circumstances. </I><B>| conflicting, differing, divergent, opposing, polarized </B><I>The debate brings together experts with conflicting views. </I><B>| clear, forthright, strong </B><I>He's a doctor with clear views on how to prevent illness. </I><B>| idealized, optimistic, positive, romantic, rosy </B><I>Her rosy view of life abroad seems rather naive. </I><B>| jaundiced, negative, pessimistic </B><I>After his experience in jail, he has a pretty jaundiced view of the penal system. </I><B>| conventional </B><I>The conventional view is that work is pleasant and rewarding. </I><B>| unorthodox | minority | political | liberal, modern, progressive, radical | moderate | conservative, reactionary | extremist, hard-line | stereotyped, stereotypical | informed | ill-informed, uninformed | world </B><I>His world view revolves around a battle between rich and poor. </I> </P> <P> <U> VERB + VIEW </U><B> have, hold | take </B><I>I took the view that an exception should be made in this case. </I><B>| air, convey, expound, express, make known, present, put forward </B><I>The meeting gave everyone the chance to air their views. She picked up the phone and made her views known to her boss. </I><B>| discuss, exchange, share </B><I>At the meeting, we hope people will exchange views freely. </I><B>| canvass, solicit </B><I>He called a meeting to solicit the views of his staff. </I><B>| reflect, represent </B><I>His letter to the management did not reflect the views of his colleagues. </I><B>| adhere to, agree with, endorse | confirm, support | challenge </B><I>His music challenges the view that modern jazz is inaccessible. </I> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> in your ~ </B><I>In my view it was a waste of time. </I><B>| ~ about </B><I>Teachers generally keep their views about politics hidden. </I><B>| ~ on </B><I>Experts hold widely differing views on this subject. </I> </P> <P> <U> PHRASES </U><B> an exchange of views </B><I>It's good to have a full and frank exchange of views. </I><B>| a point of view </B><I>From a teacher's point of view, activities that can be done with minimal preparation are invaluable. </I><B>| take a dim view of sth </B>(= have a poor opinion of sth) <I>My mother takes a pretty dim view of my cooking skills. </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 2 </SUP> <TT> ability to see/be seen from a particular place </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> good, grandstand, wonderful | poor, terrible </B><I>We had a poor view of the stage from where we were sitting. </I><B>| clear, unimpeded, uninterrupted, unobstructed | back, front, rear, side </B><I>The picture shows a front view of the car. </I><B>| close, close-up | public </B><I>Tensions within the band remained hidden from public view. </I><B>| overall </B><I>(figurative) The staff handbook gives an overall view of the company. </I> </P> <P> <U> VERB + VIEW </U><B> get, have </B><I>The pillar prevented me getting a clear view of the action. </I><B>| give sb </B><I>The patio gave an unimpeded view across the headland to the sea. </I><B>| block </B><I>A woman in a very large hat was blocking my view of the procession. </I><B>| come into </B><I>A large truck suddenly came into view. </I><B>| disappear from </B><I>They stood waving on the platform, until the train disappeared from view. </I><B>| be hidden from </B> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> in ~ </B><I>There was nobody in view. </I><B>| on ~ </B><I>The carriage was put on view for the public to see. </I> </P> <P> <U> PHRASES </U><B> in full view (of sth) </B><I>He was shot in full view of a large crowd. </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 3 </SUP> <TT> scenery </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> breathtaking, fine, lovely, magnificent, spectacular, splendid, stunning, superb, wonderful </B><I>a room with a breathtaking view across the bay </I><B>| commanding, panoramic | mountain, sea, etc. </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + VIEW </U><B> afford, boast, enjoy, give, have </B><I>Most rooms enjoy panoramic views of the sea. The large windows give fine views of the surrounding countryside. </I><B>| admire, enjoy </B><I>a place to unwind and enjoy the view </I> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> ~ across/over </B><I>a view over the valley </I><B>| ~ from </B><I>the view from his apartment </I><B>| ~ of </B> </P> <P> <U> PHRASES </U><B> a room with a view</B> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
64264stability<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>stability </B><I>noun </I> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> greater | relative | long-term | internal | economic, financial, monetary, price | political, social | emotional </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + STABILITY </U><B> achieve, bring, ensure, give sb, provide (sb with) </B><I>The policy should bring greater monetary stability to the country. </I><B>| lack | threaten, undermine | maintain, preserve </B> </P> <P> <U> PHRASES </U><B> a period of stability </B><I>The country was enjoying a period of political stability. </I><B>| a threat to stability </B><I>The conflict is becoming a threat to stability in the region. </I> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
65265client<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>client </B><I>noun </I> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> big </B><I>The company needs to focus on its biggest clients. </I><B>| new | potential, prospective | established, existing, regular | business, corporate | private </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + CLIENT </U><B> serve </B><I>A new branch has been opened to serve clients in East London. </I><B>| act for, represent | take on </B><I>She's so busy that she's not taking on any new clients. </I><B>| attract </B><I>a campaign to attract new clients </I> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> on behalf of ~ </B><I>On behalf of my client, I would like to remind you of your obligations in this matter. </I> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
66266instrument<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>instrumental </B><I>adj. </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 1 </SUP> <TT> important in making sth happen </TT> </P> <P> <U> VERBS </U><B> be | become </B> </P> <P> <U> ADV. </U><B> highly | largely | partly </B> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> in </B><I>They were highly instrumental in bringing the business to Newtown. </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 2 </SUP> <TT> being only a means to an end </TT> </P> <P> <U> VERBS </U><B> be </B> </P> <P> <U> ADV. </U><B> very | purely | merely | essentially</B> </P> </DIV><DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>instrument </B><I>noun </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 1 </SUP> <TT> tool for a particular task </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> precision | sophisticated | reliable | crude | blunt </B><I>The autopsy revealed that the deceased had been hit with a blunt instrument. (figurative) Even though it was a somewhat blunt instrument </I>(= not very precise)</B><I>, our questionnaire provided us with some interesting ideas. </I><B>| sharp | small | delicate | appropriate | research | drawing, measuring, writing | astronomical, flight, flying, mathematical, medical, navigation, navigational, optical, scientific, surgical | cockpit </B> </P> <P> <U> QUANT. </U><B> set </B><I>a set of mathematical instruments </I> </P> <P> <U> VERB + INSTRUMENT </U><B> use </B><I>All pupils should learn to use drawing instruments. </I><B>| check, read </B><I>to read the instruments and make a note of the wind speed and direction </I><B>| design, develop, devise, invent | build, make </B><I>All the instruments are made from glass capillary tubing. </I> </P> <P> <U> INSTRUMENT + VERB </U><B> measure sth </B><I>an instrument that measures light intensity </I> </P> <P> <U> INSTRUMENT + NOUN </U><B> check </B><I>The pilot did his instrument checks and taxied towards the runway. </I><B>| maker | panel </B><I>There was a warning light flashing on the instrument panel. </I> </P> <P> <U> PHRASES </U><B> an instrument of torture </B><I>medieval instruments of torture such as the rack and the wheel </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 2 </SUP> <TT> for playing music </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> musical | beautiful, fine | classical | modern | period </B><I>baroque music played on period instruments </I><B>| solo | orchestral | brass, keyboard, percussion, string/stringed, wind, woodwind | acoustic, electric, electronic </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + INSTRUMENT </U><B> play (on) </B><I>She plays three musical instruments. The score was written to be played on a keyboard instrument. </I><B>| learn, learn (how) to play | tune </B><I>Ensure the instrument is tuned to concert pitch. </I><B>| make </B><I>an instrument made by a woman guitar maker in Canada </I> </P> <P> <U> INSTRUMENT + VERB </U><B> sound </B><I>The instrument sounds like a cello. </I> </P> <P> <U> INSTRUMENT + NOUN </U><B> maker </B>&gt; Special page at MUSIC </B> </P> <P> <SUP> 3 </SUP> <TT> sb/sth used to make sth happen </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> chief, key, main, major, prime, principal | good, great </B><I>They agreed that the UN was the best instrument for reaching agreement. </I><B>| ideal | important, valuable | powerful | useful | effective | flexible | mere </B><I>Some cynics say that sport is a mere instrument of capitalist domination. </I><B>| chosen </B><I>The despot claimed to be the chosen instrument of divine providence. </I><B>| divine | political </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + INSTRUMENT </U><B> perceive sb/sth as, regard sb/sth as, see sb/sth as, view sb/sth as </B><I>They saw criminal law as an instrument for improving public morals. </I><B>| use sb/sth as | make sb/sth </B> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> ~ for </B><I>Criminal law is not the best instrument for dealing with family matters. </I><B>| ~ of </B><I>She was accused of making a public service an instrument of private advantage. </I> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
67267extend<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>extend </B><I>verb </I> </P> <P> <U> ADV. </U><B> greatly, significantly </B><I>Next year we will greatly extend the range of goods that we sell. </I> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> from, to </B><I>The repayment period will be extended from 20 years to 25 years. </I> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
68268construct<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
69269demand<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>demand </B><I>noun </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 1 </SUP> <TT> firm request </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> legitimate, realistic, reasonable </B><I>I think your demand for higher wages is perfectly reasonable. </I><B>| unrealistic, unreasonable | radical | urgent | central, key, main, major | fresh, new, renewed </B><I>There have been renewed demands for the government to take action to reduce crime. </I><B>| growing, increasing | final </B><I>A final demand for payment had been issued. </I><B>| written | financial, political | government, opposition, popular, public, royal, union </B><I>The management had no intention of meeting union demands. </I><B>| pay, ransom, tax, wage </B><I>A ransom demand has been made for the kidnapped racehorse. </I> </P> <P> <U> VERB + DEMAND </U><B> issue, make, present, press, put forward </B><I>Demands have been made for the immediate distribution of food to the refugees. </I><B>| renew, repeat, step up </B><I>Campaigners have stepped up their demands for immediate government action. </I><B>| face | respond to | agree to, give in to, meet, satisfy, yield to </B><I>My government cannot give in to the demands of an illegal organization. </I><B>| reject, resist </B> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> on ~ </B><I>Campaigners insist that abortion should be available on demand. </I><B>| ~ for, ~ from </B><I>demands from the opposition for a recount of the votes </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 2 </SUP> <TT> need/desire for goods/services </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> big, buoyant, considerable, enormous, great, heavy, high, huge, insatiable, peak, strong, unprecedented </B><I>Demand for the product is buoyant. There's always a great demand for our soups in winter. </I><B>| burgeoning, growing, increased/increasing, rising | excess, extra | constant, steady </B><I>She is in constant demand to make public appearances and give interviews. </I><B>| changing, fluctuating, seasonal | current, future | latent, likely, pent-up, potential, projected, prospective | overall, total </B><I>We can estimate that total market demand for electrical goods will rise by 8%. </I><B>| declining, falling, limited, low, reduced, sluggish | consumer, customer, market, popular, public </B><I>By popular demand, the play will run for another week. </I><B>| domestic, export, foreign, local, world, worldwide </B><I>The slowdown in domestic demand was offset by an increase in exports. </I><B>| electricity, energy, housing, labour, etc. </B> </P> <P> <U> QUANT. </U><B> level </B><I>a high level of demand </I> </P> <P> <U> VERB + DEMAND </U><B> cope with, meet, satisfy </B><I>The factories are staying open all weekend to try to meet the consumer demand for this product. </I><B>| create, generate </B><I>It is the job of the marketing manager to create demand for the new product. </I><B>| boost, increase, stimulate | reduce | exceed, outstrip </B><I>Supply normally exceeds demand for the bulk of consumer goods. </I><B>| forecast </B><I>It can be difficult to forecast demand in the construction industry. </I><B>| manage </B><I>policies aimed at managing demand </I> </P> <P> <U> DEMAND + VERB </U><B> grow, increase, rise </B><I>Demand for personal computers has risen sharply. </I><B>| decline, fall, slow (down) </B><I>As demand slows, the need to export will return. </I> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> in ~ </B><I>These old machines are still in demand. </I><B>| ~ among </B><I>the potential demand among children </I><B>| ~ for </B><I>increased demand for health products </I><B>| ~ from </B><I>the demand from consumers </I><B>| ~ on </B><I>This section of the population makes a high demand on health care resources. </I> </P> <P> <U> PHRASES </U><B> supply and demand </B><I>the law of supply and demand </I> &gt; Special page at BUSINESS </P> <P> <SUP> 3 </SUP> <TT> demands: difficult/tiring things you have to do </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> considerable, enormous, excessive, extra, great, heavy, high, impossible </B><I>I think the demands of this job are excessive. </I><B>| exacting, pressing | growing, increasing | competing, conflicting, contradictory | day-to-day, everyday </B><I>the day-to-day demands of the job </I><B>| immediate </B><I>the need for scientific research freed from the immediate demands of industry </I><B>| external </B><I>The person who cannot say &lsquo;no&rsquo; to others' requests is likely to be overwhelmed by external demands. </I><B>| economic, emotional, financial, physical, practical, sexual, social, technical </B><I>Life is hard for nurses on children's wards, where the emotional demands can be overwhelming. </I> </P> <P> <U> VERB + DEMAND </U><B> impose, make, place </B><I>My elderly parents make a lot of demands on me. </I><B>| respond to | cope with </B><I>coping with the conflicting demands of work and family life </I> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> ~ on/upon </B><I>My work seems to make more and more demands on my time. </I> </P> </DIV><DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>demand </B><I>verb </I> </P> <P> <U> ADV. </U><B> aggressively, angrily, coldly, fiercely, furiously, harshly, indignantly, irritably, roughly, sharply </B><I>&lsquo;Where are the keys?&rsquo; she demanded angrily. </I> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> from </B><I>He had demanded money from her. </I><B>| of </B><I>They failed to provide the information demanded of them. </I> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
70270vision<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>vision </B><I>noun </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 1 </SUP> <TT> ability to see </B> </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> 20/20, excellent, perfect </B><I>The eye test shows she has perfect vision. </I><B>| normal | clear </B><I>The rain prevented her having clear vision of the road ahead. </I><B>| blurred, defective, distorted, impaired, poor | double, tunnel </B><I>(often figurative) </I><B>| all-round </B><I>The high driving position gives excellent all-round vision. </I><B>| binocular, stereoscopic | X-ray | distance </B><I>I can read without glasses, but my distance vision is poor. </I><B>| night | peripheral </B><I>Use your peripheral vision widely when moving from place to place. </I> </P> <P> <U> VERB + VISION </U><B> have | give (sb) | obscure, restrict | blur </B><I>The tears blurred her vision. </I><B>| improve </B> </P> <P> <U> VISION + VERB </U><B> clear </B><I>Her vision cleared and she realized Niall was standing beside her. </I> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> across your ~ </B><I>A bird shot across her vision. </I> </P> <P> <U> PHRASES </U><B> your field of vision </B><I>She was aware of shapes moving across her field of vision. </I><B>| your line of vision </B><I>Someone was standing in my line of vision so I couldn't see the screen. </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 2 </SUP> <TT> picture in your imagination </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> disturbing, dreadful, ghastly, horrible | bleak | inner, intuitive, mental, spiritual | mystic/mystical, prophetic, religious </B><I>A young girl in the village experienced a prophetic vision. </I><B>| poetic | apocalyptic </B><I>an apocalyptic vision of the end of civilization </I><B>| momentary, sudden </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + VISION </U><B> experience, have, receive </B><I>I had visions of us getting hopelessly lost. </I><B>| conjure up </B><I>The word &lsquo;island&rsquo; conjures up a vision of a relaxing summer holiday. </I> </P> <P> <U> VISION + VERB </U><B> fade </B><I>As he approached, the vision faded and there was no one there. </I> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> in a/the ~ </B><I>The idea came to her in a vision. </I><B>| ~ of </B> </P> <P> <SUP> 3 </SUP> <TT> ability to see/plan for the future </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> great | imaginative | alternative | broad, comprehensive, global, wide </B><I>The company needs to develop a global vision. </I><B>| narrow | overall | personal | clear </B><I>The engineers had a clear vision of what they wanted to achieve. </I><B>| common </B><I>They share a common vision for the development of health services. </I><B>| strategic | political | revolutionary | romantic, Utopian </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + VISION </U><B> have | develop | convey, expand on/upon, outline, promote </B><I>He outlined his vision for the new economic order. </I> <B>| impose </B><I>The new leader set about imposing his vision on the party. </I><B>| share | cloud </B><I>He was determined not to let emotions cloud his vision. </I> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> of ~ </B><I>a statesman of great vision </I><B>| ~ for </B><I>a vision for the future </I><B>| ~ of </B><I>an alternative vision of society </I> </P> <P> <U> PHRASES </U><B> breadth of vision </B><I>His plans for the country's future show a remarkable breadth of vision. </I> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
71271propose<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>propose </B><I>verb </I> </P> <P> <U> ADV. </U><B> seriously </B><I>Are you seriously proposing that we should allow this situation to continue? </I> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> as </B><I>The measures have been proposed as a way of improving standards. </I><B>| for </B><I>He was proposed for the job of treasurer. </I> </P> <P> <U> PHRASES </U><B> originally proposed </B><I>The plan originally proposed was ruled completely unrealistic. </I> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
72272efficiency<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>efficiency </B><I>noun </I> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> ruthless | great, high </B><I>attempts to achieve greater efficiency in the production process </I><B>| maximum, optimum | low | cost | energy, fuel | mental, physical | administrative, business, economic, industrial, management, operational, organizational, production, productive, technical </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + EFFICIENCY </U><B> achieve | boost, enhance, improve, increase, maximize, promote | decrease, impair, reduce </B> </P> <P> <U> EFFICIENCY + NOUN </U><B> drive, measures </B><I>New timekeeping procedures had been introduced as part of an efficiency drive. </I><B>| gains, improvements, savings </B><I>the efficiency gains resulting from improved technology </I> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> with ~ </B><I>The uprising was put down with ruthless efficiency. </I><B>| ~ in </B><I>greater efficiency in energy use </I> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
73273solution<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>solution </B><I>noun </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 1 </SUP> <TT> to a problem, difficult situation, etc. </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> complete, comprehensive | partial | effective, good, happy, ideal, neat, optimal, perfect, real </B><I>His plan does not offer a real solution to the problem. </I><B>| acceptable | satisfactory, workable | correct, right | easy, obvious, simple | possible | feasible, practical, realistic, viable | cost-effective | creative, imaginative, ingenious | drastic, radical | early, immediate, instant, quick, speedy </B><I>The UN representative stressed the urgency of an early solution. </I><B>| final, lasting, long-term, permanent, ultimate | interim, short-term, temporary | proposed | pragmatic | compromise, negotiated | diplomatic, peaceful, political | military | technical </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + SOLUTION </U><B> look for, seek, work towards | achieve, agree (on), arrive at, come up with, find, produce, reach, work out </B><I>attempts to find a comprehensive political solution to the crisis </I><B>| propose, put forward, suggest | adopt | offer, provide </B> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> ~ for </B><I>a quick solution for dealing with the paper shortage </I><B>| ~ to </B><I>They were seeking an ultimate solution to the city's traffic problem. </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 2 </SUP> <TT> liquid in which a solid has been dissolved </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> concentrated, neat, strong | dilute, weak | saturated | acid | alkaline | aqueous | saline, salt | bicarbonate, sodium chloride, etc. </B> </P> <P> <U> SOLUTION + VERB </U><B> contain </B> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> in ~ </B><I>aluminium ions in solution </I> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
74274multiple<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
75275conclusion<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>conclusion </B><I>noun </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 1 </SUP> <TT> opinion reached after considering the facts </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> correct | logical, reasonable, valid | inescapable, inevitable, obvious | erroneous, false, wrong | main | hasty </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + CONCLUSION </U><B> arrive at, come to, draw, reach </B><I>I can't draw any conclusions from what she said. </I><B>| jump to, leap to </B><I>We don't want to jump to the wrong conclusion. Don't go jumping to conclusions before you know the facts. </I><B>| lead to, point to </B><I>It all points to the conclusion that nobody knew what was going on. </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 2 </SUP> <TT> ending of sth </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> satisfactory, successful | foregone </B><I>The result of the match was a foregone conclusion. </I><B>| hasty </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + CONCLUSION </U><B> bring about, bring sth to </B><I>The meeting was brought to a hasty conclusion. </I><B>| come to </B> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> in ~ </B><I>In conclusion, I would like to thank you all for your hard work. </I>&gt; Special page at MEETING </B> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
76276overall<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
77277presence<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>presence </B><I>noun </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 1 </SUP> <TT> being present </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> mere </B><I>The mere presence of children in the room is enough to upset him. </I><B>| constant, continued, continuing, permanent | strong </B><I>The company now has a strong presence in Germany. </I> </P> <P> <U> VERB + PRESENCE </U><B> indicate, reveal, show </B><I>These chemicals could indicate the presence of water on the planet. </I><B>| acknowledge </B><I>He acknowledged our presence with a nod of his head. </I><B>| detect | grace sb with </B><I>(ironic or humorous) How nice of you to grace us with your presence! </I> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> in sb's ~ </B><I>He should never have made those remarks in your presence. </I> </P> <P> <U> PHRASES </U><B> make your presence felt/known </B><I>She certainly made her presence felt in the boardroom. </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 2 </SUP> <TT> number of people </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> constant | military, police </B><I>There was a strong police presence throughout the demonstration. </I> </P> <P> <U> VERB + PRESENCE </U><B> maintain </B><I>The army maintains a constant presence in the area. </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 3 </SUP> <TT> force of personality </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> charismatic, commanding, formidable, great, imposing, powerful, strong | stage </B><I>He had a formidable stage presence. </I> </P> <P> <U> VERB + PRESENCE </U><B> have</B> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
78278claim<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>claim </B><I>noun </I> </B> </P> <P> <SUP> 1 </SUP> <TT> statement saying that sth is true </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> false, unfounded, unsubstantiated | conflicting </B><I>There are conflicting claims about the cause of the fire. </I><B>| absurd, astonishing, extravagant, grandiose </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + CLAIM </U><B> make </B><I>The company had made false claims about its products. I make no claim to understand modern art. </I><B>| accept </B><I>They accepted her claim that she had been ill-treated. </I><B>| challenge | deny, dismiss, dispute, reject </B><I>Claims of a cover-up were dismissed. </I><B>| back up, substantiate, support </B><I>They were able to produce witnesses to support their claim. </I><B>| investigate </B> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> ~ about </B><I>to investigate claims about appalling prison conditions </I><B>| ~ of </B><I>Claims of corruption within the police force were denied. </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 2 </SUP> <TT> demand for sth </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> large, small | excessive </B><I>excessive wage claims </I><B>| legal, legitimate | bogus, fraudulent </B><I>Police are investigating fraudulent claims for fire damage. </I><B>| accident, compensation, damage/damages, insurance, pay, wage | civil </B><I>to file a civil claim for damages </I> </P> <P> <U> VERB + CLAIM </U><B> bring, file, lodge, make, put forward/in, submit </B><I>She brought a claim for damages against the company. </I><B>| drop, waive, withdraw | investigage | allow, uphold </B><I>His claim for compensation was upheld in court. </I> <B>| dismiss | win | meet, pay, settle </B><I>We will need extra funds to meet all the insurance claims. </I> </P> <P> <U> CLAIM + VERB </U><B> arise </B><I>claims arising out of accidents at work </I><B>| fail </B><I>The claim failed because the company had not been misled. </I> </P> <P> <U> CLAIM + NOUN </U><B> form </B> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> ~ against </B><I>claims against the company for breach of contract </I><B>| ~ for </B><I>a claim for compensation </I><B>| ~ on </B><I>to make a claim on your insurance policy I have many claims on my time. </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 3 </SUP> <TT> right to have sth </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> good, strong | competing, rival </B><I>competing claims for public money </I><B>| prior </B><I>She had a prior claim on his affections. </I><B>| moral | territorial </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + CLAIM </U><B> have </B><I>He has a good claim to the land. </I><B>| assert, lay, press, stake </B><I>Four men laid claim to leadership of the country. to stake a claim to some of the prize money </I><B>| establish, prove </B><I>You will have to prove your claim to the property in a court of law. </I><B>| relinquish, renounce, withdraw </B> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> ~ on </B><I>His children have a claim on his estate. </I><B>| ~ to </B><I>She renounced her claim to the property. </I> </P> </DIV><DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>claim </B><I>verb </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 1 </SUP> <TT> say that sth is true </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADV. </U><B> justifiably, rightfully, rightly | falsely, wrongly </B><I>The company had falsely claimed that its products were biodegradable. </I> </P> <P> <U> VERB + CLAIM </U><B> attempt to, try to </B><I>He tried to claim that he had acted in self-defence. </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 2 </SUP> <TT> ask for sth you think you have a right to have </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADV. </U><B> back </B><I>You can claim back some of the cost of your treatment. </I> </P> <P> <U> VERB + CLAIM </U><B> be able to, be entitled to, can/could </B><I>You might be entitled to claim compensation if you are injured at work. </I><B>| attempt to, try to </B> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> on </B><I>Can't you claim on your insurance? </I> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
79279transform<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>transform </B><I>verb </I> </P> <P> <U> ADV. </U><B> considerably, fundamentally, profoundly, radically </B><I>The riots radically transformed the situation. </I><B>| completely, entirely, totally, utterly | quickly, rapidly | gradually, slowly | suddenly | apparently | miraculously </B><I>He seems to have been miraculously transformed into a first-class player. </I><B>| overnight </B><I>Things cannot be transformed overnight. </I> </P> <P> <U> VERB + TRANSFORM </U><B> help (to) | manage to </B> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> from, into </B><I>The place was transformed from a quiet farming village into a busy port. </I> </P> <P> <U> PHRASES </U><B> the power to transform sb/sth </B><I>the power of religion to transform our hearts and minds </I> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
80280generate<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>generate </B><I>verb </I> </P> <P> <U> ADV. </U><B> quickly | automatically, spontaneously </B><I>People used to believe that dirt spontaneously generated disease. </I><B>| randomly </B><I>a sequence of randomly generated fractions </I><B>| externally, internally </B><I>internally generated revenue </I><B>| locally </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + GENERATE </U><B> help (to) </B><I>the opportunity to help generate ideas </I><B>| be used to </B><I>The wind turbines are used to generate electricity. </I><B>| be expected to, be likely to </B><I>The lottery is expected to generate substantial funds for charities. </I> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> from </B><I>Living cells generate energy from food. profits generated from the company's activities </I> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
81281failure<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>failure </B><I>noun </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 1 </SUP> <TT> lack of success </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> complete, total | abject, humiliating, ignominious </B><I>The attempt ended in abject failure. </I><B>| inevitable | costly | alleged, apparent, perceived | evident | comparative, relative | initial </B><I>Initial failure was followed by unexpected, if modest, success. </I><B>| ultimate </B><I>War is the ultimate failure of public communication. </I><B>| personal | moral | academic | economic, financial | military </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + FAILURE </U><B> be doomed to, end in, result in </B><I>All her efforts were doomed to failure. </I><B>| admit, confess </B><I>He was too proud to admit failure. </I><B>| expect </B><I>Children who are doing badly tend to expect failure and criticism. </I><B>| fear | avoid </B> </P> <P> <U> FAILURE + NOUN </U><B> rate </B><I>There is a high failure rate with this treatment. </I> </P> <P> <U> PHRASES </U><B> fear of failure </B><I>Fear of failure should not deter you from trying. </I><B>| a history of failure </B><I>John had a long history of academic failure. </I><B>| a possibility/risk of failure, a sense of failure </B> </P> <P> <SUP> 2 </SUP> <TT> unsuccessful person/thing </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> great, serious | complete, total, utter | catastrophic, disastrous | abject, conspicuous, dismal, humiliating, ignominious, lamentable, miserable | costly | heroic </B><I>Her ideas were large: if she could not succeed, she would at least be a heroic failure. </I><B>| alleged, apparent, perceived | evident | comparative, relative | past </B><I>to learn from past failures </I><B>| rare </B><I>The film was one of the rare failures in his career. </I><B>| unexpected | personal | collective | moral | academic | economic, financial </B><I>economic failure and increasing unemployment </I><B>| military </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + FAILURE </U><B> be, represent | prove </B><I>The venture proved a costly failure. </I><B>| feel </B><I>I felt a complete failure. </I><B>| consider sb/sth, regard sb/sth as | brand sb/sth, pronounce sb/sth </B><I>Her parents had long since branded her a failure. </I> </P> <P> <U> FAILURE + VERB </U><B> arise from sth </B><I>failures arising from circumstances beyond your control </I> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> ~ of </B><I>The decision to withdraw funding represents a failure of imagination. </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 3 </SUP> <TT> not doing sth </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> fundamental | general | manifest | consistent, constant, continued/continuing, persistent, repeated | government, management </B><I>government failure to listen to the voice of the electorate </I> </P> <P> <U> VERB + FAILURE </U><B> excuse, justify </B><I>seeking to excuse his failure to ask her permission </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 4 </SUP> <TT> of a machine/system/part of the body, etc. </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> battery, brake, component, computer, engine, equipment, mechanical, power, system, technical | bank, business, commercial, company, corporate, market </B><I>Business failures rose by 30% in 2001. </I><B>| brain, heart, kidney, liver | crop, harvest | communication </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + FAILURE </U><B> cause, lead to, result in </B><I>a rare viral infection that can lead to heart failure </I> </P> <P> <U> FAILURE + VERB </U><B> occur </B><I>A power failure occurred between 4 and 5 p.m. </I> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> ~ in </B><I>a failure in the computer system </I> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
82282advance<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>advanced </B><I>adj. </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 1 </SUP> <TT> modern and highly developed </TT> </P> <P> <U> VERBS </U><B> be </B> </P> <P> <U> ADV. </U><B> extremely, highly, very </B><I>a highly advanced economy </I><B>| fairly, quite, relatively | industrially, technically, technologically </B> </P> <P> <SUP> 2 </SUP> <TT> at a late stage of development </TT> </P> <P> <U> VERBS </U><B> be </B> </P> <P> <U> ADV. </U><B> far, greatly, well </B><I>The disease was too far advanced for doctors to operate. </I><B>| fairly, quite | further</B> </P> </DIV><DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>advance </B><I>noun </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 1 </SUP> <TT> forward movement </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> rapid | Allied, British, German, etc. </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + ADVANCE </U><B> make </B><I>The regiment made an advance on the enemy lines. </I><B>| order </B><I>The general ordered an advance to the front line. </I><B>| halt, resist, stop </B> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> on ~ </B><I>the advance on Leningrad </I><B>| to ~, towards ~ </B><I>the Russian advance towards Berlin </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 2 </SUP> <TT> development </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> big, considerable, dramatic, enormous, great, spectacular, substantial, tremendous | important, major, notable, remarkable, significant | rapid, steady </B><I>rapid advances in science and technology </I><B>| recent | economic, educational, medical, political, scientific, social, technical, technological | theoretical </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + ADVANCE </U><B> make </B><I>We need more money if we are to make any further advances in this area of science. </I> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> in ~ </B><I>two major advances in orthopaedic medicine </I><B>| on ~ </B><I>an advance on the existing techniques </I><B>| towards ~ </B><I>an advance towards a better understanding of God </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 3 </SUP> <TT> money </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> large | cash </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + ADVANCE </U><B> give, pay </B><I>The publishers have paid me an advance. </I><B>| get, receive </B> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> ~ of </B><I>an advance of </I>&pound;</B><I>10,000 </I><B>| ~ on </B><I>He was paid </I>&pound;</B><I>5,000 as an advance on royalties. </I></P> <P> <SUP> 4 </SUP> <TT> advances: sexual </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> amorous, sexual </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + ADVANCE </U><B> make </B><I>He made amorous advances to one of his students. </I> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> ~ to</B> </P> </DIV><DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>advance </B><I>verb </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 1 </SUP> <TT> move forward </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADV. </U><B> quickly, rapidly | cautiously, slowly </B> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> from </B><I>advancing from the south </I><B>| into </B><I>The troops advanced into central Europe. </I><B>| on/upon </B><I>The army advanced on the capital. </I><B>| towards </B><I>He advanced towards me in aggressive style. </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 2 </SUP> <TT> develop </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADV. </U><B> considerably, greatly, significantly | rapidly </B> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> beyond </B><I>Society needs to advance beyond prejudice and superstition. </I> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
83283connection<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>connection </B><I>noun </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 1 </SUP> <TT> relationship between two things </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> clear, close, direct, intimate, strong </B><I>There is a close connection between family background and academic achievement. </I><B>| tenuous | obvious | causal </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + CONNECTION </U><B> have </B><I>His death had no connection with drugs. </I><B>| discover, establish, find, make, see </B><I>Researchers have now established a connection between air pollution and asthma. She did not make the connection between her diet and her poor health. </I><B>| break, sever </B><I>She wanted to sever all her connections with the firm. </I> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> in ~ with </B><I>I am writing in connection with your recent job application. </I><B>| ~ between </B><I>the connection between crime and alcohol </I><B>| ~ to/with </B><I>What is your connection with the school? </I> </P> <P> <U> PHRASES </U><B> in that/this connection </B>(= for reasons connected with sth recently mentioned) </P> <P> <SUP> 2 </SUP> <TT> place where wires/pipes join together </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> loose | electrical, pipe </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + CONNECTION </U><B> break </B><I>If you break the connection, the light won't come on. </I> </P> <P> <U> CONNECTION + NOUN </U><B> charge </B> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> ~ to </B><I>waiting for connection to the water mains </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 3 </SUP> <TT> bus/train/plane </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> good | bus, rail/railway, train </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + CONNECTION </U><B> make | miss </B> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> ~ between </B><I>There are good connections between the resort and major cities. </I><B>| ~ to </B><I>We'll be lucky if we make our connection to Paris. </I><B>| ~ with </B><I>good connections with New York </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 4 </SUP> <TT> person you know </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> good | aristocratic | business, family, personal, political, professional, social </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + CONNECTION </U><B> have </B><I>I have some good business connections in New York. He has connections </I>(= he knows important people who would be able to help him)</B><I>. </I><B>| use </B><I>She used her connections to get the job. </I> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
84284journal<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>journal </B><I>noun </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 1 </SUP> <TT> serious magazine </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> academic, learned, scholarly | professional, technical, trade | house/in-house </B><I>the house journal of the South Western Gas Board </I><B>| non-specialist, specialist | research, reviewing | business, literary, medical, science/scientific | august, highly-ranked/high-ranking, leading, major, prestigious </B><I>&lsquo;Nature&rsquo; was the highest-ranked journal in thte survey. </I><B>| official </B><I>It's the official journal of the Medical Foundation. </I><B>| international, national | monthly, quarterly, weekly </B> </P> <P> <U> QUANT. </U><B> copy </B><I>Please send me two copies of your new journal. </I><B>| edition, issue, volume </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + JOURNAL </U><B> read | edit, write for </B><I>an academic who writes for specialist journals </I><B>| produce, publish | buy, get, subscribe to </B><I>She subscribes to quite a few academic journals. </I> </P> <P> <U> JOURNAL + VERB </U><B> come out </B><I>The journal comes out five times a year. </I> </P> <P> <U> JOURNAL + NOUN </U><B> article | editor </B> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> in a/the ~ </B><I>an article in a medical journal </I><B>| ~ of </B><I>the British Journal of Geology </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 2 </SUP> <TT> diary </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> private | daily </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + JOURNAL </U><B> keep, write </B><I>Lady Franklin kept a daily journal of the voyage. </I><B>| read </B> </P> <P> <U> JOURNAL + NOUN </U><B> entry </B><I>Her journal entry for that day describes a thunder storm. </I> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> in a/the ~ </B><I>The events are all recorded in her journal. </I><B>| ~ of </B><I>He wrote a journal of his travels. </I> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
85285initiative<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>initiative </B><I>noun </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 1 </SUP> <TT> new plan </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> fresh, new </B><I>fresh initiatives to find a peaceful end to the conflict </I><B>| pioneering </B><I>pioneering initiatives in bioengineering </I><B>| current, latest, recent | important, major | welcome | successful | practical | exciting | private | co-operative, joint | international, local, national, regional | government | business, diplomatic, economic, education/educational, environmental, marketing, peace, policy, political, research, training </B> </P> <P> <U> QUANT. </U><B> range, series </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + INITIATIVE </U><B> undertake </B><I>The research initiative is being undertaken by a group of environmentalists. </I><B>| plan | develop | announce | introduce, launch, set up, start </B><I>The government has launched a new policy initiative. </I><B>| be/become involved in </B><I>Ten schools have been involved in the initiative. </I><B>| lead | approve | reject </B><I>The peace initiative was rejected out of hand. </I><B>| sponsor </B><I>a peace initiative sponsored by the Organization of African Unity </I><B>| endorse, support </B><I>The committee endorsed an initiative by the chairman to enter discussion about a possible merger. </I><B>| welcome </B><I>We welcome the government's initiative to help the homeless. </I><B>| praise | encourage </B> </P> <P> <U> INITIATIVE + VERB </U><B> be aimed at sth, be designed to </B><I>a local initiative aimed at economic regeneration an initiative designed to promote collaborative research </I><B>| involve sth, relate to sth | founder </B><I>The initiative foundered because there was no market interest in redevelopment. </I> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> ~ against </B><I>a new initiative against car theft </I><B>| ~ by </B><I>the latest initiative by the UN Secretary General </I><B>| ~ for </B><I>an initiative for peace and human rights </I><B>| ~ on </B><I>the government's major new initiative on crime </I>&gt; Special page at BUSINESS </B> </P> <P> <SUP> 2 </SUP> <TT> ability to decide/act independently </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> considerable, great, real | individual, personal, private </B><I>It is a very hierarchical company and there's little place for individual initiative. </I><B>| entrepreneurial </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + INITIATIVE </U><B> have </B><I>He had the initiative to ask what time the last train left. </I><B>| display, show | act/work on your own, use </B><I>He acted on his own initiative and wasn't following orders. Don't ask me what you should do all the time. Use your initiative! </I><B>| lack | encourage, promote | stifle </B><I>Raising taxes on small businesses will stifle initiative. </I> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> on sb's ~ </B><I>The project was set up on the initiative of a local landowner. </I><B>| ~ in </B><I>Some scientists show little initiative in applying their knowledge. </I> </P> <P> <U> PHRASES </U><B> a lack of initiative, on your own initiative </B><I>In an unprecedented action, the army, on its own initiative, arrested seven civilians. </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 3 </SUP> <TT> the initiative: opportunity to gain an advantage </TT> </P> <P> <U> VERB + INITIATIVE </U><B> have, hold </B><I>After their latest setback, the rebel forces no longer hold the initiative. </I><B>| gain, seize, take | regain </B><I>In the second half, Manchester United regained the initiative. </I><B>| lose </B> </P> <P> <U> INITIATIVE + VERB </U><B> comes from sb/sth, lie with sb </B><I>The initiative to re-open negotiations came from Moscow. </I> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> ~ in </B><I>She took the initiative in asking the board to conduct an enquiry. </I> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
86286enhance<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>enhance </B><I>verb </I> </P> <P> <U> ADV. </U><B> considerably, dramatically, enormously, greatly, much, significantly, substantially </B><I>The attractiveness of the book is much enhanced by Mark Stevens's drawings. </I><B>| directly | further | undoubtedly </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + ENHANCE </U><B> can/could, may/might </B><I>things that can significantly enhance the quality of your life </I><B>| help (to), serve to | be designed to, seek to </B><I>reforms designed to enhance market efficiency </I> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
87287accurate<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>accurate </B><I>adj. </I> </P> <P> <U> VERBS </U><B> be, prove </B><I>His predictions proved accurate. </I> </P> <P> <U> ADV. </U><B> deadly, extremely, highly, very | amazingly, remarkably, surprisingly, uncannily | completely, perfectly, totally | not completely, not entirely, not quite, not strictly, not wholly </B><I>The figures he gave were not strictly accurate. </I><B>| partially | broadly, fairly, generally, largely, pretty, quite, reasonably, sufficiently | historically, statistically </B> </P> <P> <U> PHRASES </U><B> full and accurate </B><I>He gave a full and accurate account of his movements. </I> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
88288facility<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>facility </B><I>noun </I></B> </P> <P> <SUP> 1 </SUP> <TT> facilities buildings/services/equipment </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> excellent, first-class, good | adequate, appropriate, proper, suitable | inadequate, poor | basic, limited </B><I>a hotel with only basic facilities </I><B>| modern, up-to-date | extensive | extra | available, existing </B><I>We are looking to upgrade the existing facilities. </I><B>| essential, necessary </B><I>to improve access to essential facilities </I><B>| local, community </B><I>hospitals, schools and other major community facilities </I><B>| communal, shared </B><I>The toilets and other communal facilities were in a shocking state. </I><B>| public | disabled </B><I>The railway station was criticized for its lack of disabled facilities. </I><B>| conference | airport, hotel | bar, holiday, leisure, play, recreational, social, sporting/sports | transport, travel | parking | shopping | storage | canteen, dining, restaurant | catering, cooking, kitchen | baby changing, bathroom, laundry, sanitary, shower, toilet, washing | en suite, private </B><I>All bedrooms offer private facilities </I>(= a private bathroom)</B><I>. </I><B>| health, health care, hospital, medical | childcare, cr</B>e<B>che, day care, nursery | educational, training | library, research | laboratory | computing </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + FACILITY </U><B> have, offer, provide | improve, upgrade | make use of, use </B><I>I made full use of the computing facilities. </I> </P> <P> <U> FACILITY + VERB </U><B> be available, exist | include sth </B><I>Facilities include a large indoor pool, jacuzzi and sauna. </I> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> ~ for </B><I>The school has no facilities for the teaching of music. The hotel provides excellent facilities for children. </I> </P> <P> <U> PHRASES </U><B> a range of facilities </B> </P> <P> <SUP> 2 </SUP> <TT> special feature of a machine/service </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> central </B><I>The archive offers a central facility for cataloguing and indexing data. </I><B>| back-up </B><I>The report warns that there are no back-up facilities if the reprocessing plant breaks down. </I><B>| support </B><I>training and other support facilities </I><B>| special | useful | flexible </B><I>A First National Bank loan is an extremely flexible facility. </I><B>| technical | cheque book, credit, loan, overdraft </B><I>a bank account with an overdraft facility </I><B>| editing, graphics, help, mail, search, word processing </B><I>(all computing) </I> </P> <P> <U> VERB + FACILITY </U><B> have, offer, provide | use </B> </P> <P> <U> FACILITY + VERB </U><B> allow (for) sth </B><I>The cheque book facility allows for a minimum withdrawal of </I>&pound;</B><I>200. </I> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> ~ for </B><I>The device has a facility for storing any sound you like. </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 3 </SUP> <TT> natural ability </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> amazing, great </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + FACILITY </U><B> have | show </B> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> with ~ </B><I>He played with great facility. </I><B>| ~ for </B><I>She showed an amazing facility for mind-reading. </I> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
89289urban<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
90290protection<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>protection </B><I>noun </I> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> adequate, effective | legal | police </B><I>Witnesses at the trial were given police protection. </I><B>| animal, child, consumer, data, environmental, personal, wildlife </B><I>Animal protection supporters gathered to protest against hunting. She carries a gun in her bag for personal protection. </I><B>| fire, flood </B><I>Fire protection equipment must be available on all floors. </I><B>| sun </B><I>sun protection products </I> </P> <P> <U> QUANT. </U><B> degree </B><I>A helmet afford</I>s </B><I>the cyclist some degree o</I>f </B><I>protection against injury</I>. </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + PROTECTION </U><B> afford (sb), give (sb), offer (sb), provide (sb with) </B> </P> <P> <U> PROTECTION + NOUN </U><B> law, legislation, order </B><I>The couple wer</I>e </B><I>found guilty of violation of chil</I>d </B><I>protection laws. </I><B>| measures, mechanism, scheme, system </B> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> under the ~ of </B><I>Many Britis</I>h </B><I>wild animals are now under th</I>e </B><I>protection of the Wildlife an</I>d </B><I>Countryside Act. </I><B>| ~ against </B><I>Fil</I>l </B><I>the cooling system with antifreez</I>e </B><I>as a protection against frost. </I><B>| ~ from </B><I>The high walls give th</I>e </B><I>garden protection from the wind</I>. </B> </P> <P> <U> PHRASES </U><B> a means of protection </B><I>The skunk releases a pungent smell as a means of protection.</I> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
91291extent<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>extent </B><I>noun </I> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> full, greatest, maximum, overall </B><I>The overall extent of civilian casualties remained unclear. </I><B>| actual, exact, precise, true | geographical, territorial </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + EXTENT </U><B> reach </B><I>The railway network had reached its greatest extent in route mileage. </I><B>| see | consider, examine, explore, investigate | assess, calculate, estimate, evaluate, gauge, judge, measure | define, determine, establish, identify </B><I>a statement defining the extent of Latvia's territory </I><B>| discover | acknowledge, appreciate, realize, recognize | know, understand </B><I>We do not yet know the extent of her injuries. </I><B>| demonstrate, illustrate, indicate, make clear, reflect, reveal, show </B><I>The operation revealed the extent of the cancer. </I><B>| outline </B><I>a lengthy agenda outlining the extent of global environmental problems </I><B>| discuss | clarify, explain | emphasize, highlight, underline </B><I>The victory underlined the extent to which Prussia had become a major power. </I><B>| exaggerate, overstate </B><I>She was exaggerating the true extent of the problem. </I><B>| overestimate | underestimate | play down, underplay, understate </B><I>The government sought to play down the extent of the problem. </I><B>| ignore | conceal, obscure | limit, reduce, restrict </B><I>to reduce the extent of deforestation </I> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> in ~ </B><I>The park is about 20 acres in extent. </I><B>| to an ~ </B><I>To an extent </I>(= to some degree) </B><I>East-West distrust continued throughout the war. </I><B>| to a &hellip; ~ </B><I>He had withdrawn from the company of his friends to an alarming extent. </I> </P> <P> <U> PHRASES </U><B> at sth's fullest/greatest extent </B><I>At its fullest extent the Angevin Empire comprised most of western France. </I><B>| to a considerable/great/large/significant extent, to a certain/to some extent </B><I>To some extent, we are all responsible for this tragic situation. </I><B>| to a lesser/limited/small extent </B><I>The pollution of the forest has seriously affected plant life and, to a lesser extent, wildlife. </I><B>| to the same extent </B><I>People no longer live in small communities to the same extent as they used to. </I> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
92292mental<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
93293consequence<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>consequence </B><I>noun </I> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> full | far-reaching, important, profound | adverse, bad, catastrophic, damaging, dangerous, devastating, dire, disastrous, fatal, harmful, negative, serious, severe, terrible, tragic, unfortunate, unpleasant | beneficial, good, positive | major, main | direct, immediate | indirect | inevitable, necessary | likely, possible, potential | logical, natural | long-term, short-term | unintended | ecological, economic, electoral, environmental, financial, legal, physical, political, social </B><I>to face up to the physical consequences of ageing </I> </P> <P> <U> VERB + CONSEQUENCE </U><B> have, lead to </B><I>The practice had far-reaching environmental consequences. </I><B>| accept, bear, face (up to), suffer, take </B><I>You must accept the full consequences of your behaviour. </I> </P> <P> <U> CONSEQUENCE + VERB </U><B> arise, ensue, follow </B><I>the important electoral consequences that will follow from this decision </I> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> as a ~ </B><I>Hundreds of people lost their jobs as a direct consequence of the merger. </I><B>| in ~ (of) </B><I>(formal) The child was born deformed in consequence of an injury to its mother. </I><B>| ~ for </B><I>This could have serious consequences for the economy. </I> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
94294institute<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>institute </B><I>noun </I> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> professional | independent | government | international, national | economic, education, educational, research, scientific, technical </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + INSTITUTE </U><B> establish, found, set up | open | belong to </B><I>She belongs to the Chartered Institute of Management. </I><B>| join </B> </P> <P> <U> INSTITUTE + VERB </U><B> find sth </B><I>The environmental research institute found that the global average temperature had risen by 1.2&deg;C. </I><B>| claim sth, say sth </B><I>The Institute says that an unidentified virus is to blame for the syndrome. </I><B>| publish sth | provide sth </B><I>an institute providing opportunities to veterinary graduates </I> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> at an/the ~ </B><I>She used to give lectures at the Mechanics' Institute. </I><B>| in/within an/the ~ </B><I>He is a key figure in the Institute of Mathematics. </I><B>| ~ for </B><I>the International Institute for Economic Development </I><B>| ~ of </B> </P> <P> <U> PHRASES </U><B> a founder of an institute, a member of an institute </B> <br><a href="#" class="show_hide" id="plus">More information about ORGANIZATION</a> <DIV class="slidingDiv"> <a><I>ORGANIZATION:</I></a> <P><B>create, establish, form, found, set up, start ~ </B><I>an association created to promote local industry The company was founded in 1981. </I></P> <P><B>dissolve ~ </B>(often law) <I>She sought a court order to have the partnership dissolved. </I></P> <P><B>run ~ </B><I>He runs an accountancy firm. </I></P> <P><B>manage ~ </B><I>The executive committee manages the group on a day-to-day basis. </I></P> <P><B>be/become a member of, join ~ </B><I>She became a member of the Society of Arts. </I></P> <P><B>leave ~ </B><I>The country plans to leave the organization. </I></P> <P></P> </DIV> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
95295content<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>content </B><I>adj. </I> </P> <P> <U> VERBS </U><B> appear, be, feel, seem </B> </P> <P> <U> ADV. </U><B> perfectly, quite, utterly </B><I>I'm perfectly content just to lie in the sun. </I><B>| fairly, reasonably, relatively | apparently | curiously, strangely </B><I>She felt curiously content. </I> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> with </B><I>She seemed quite content with the idea. </I> </P> </DIV><DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>content </B><I>noun </I></B> </P> <P> <SUP> 1 </SUP> <TT> contents things inside sth </TT> </P> <P> <U> VERB + CONTENT </U><B> empty </B><I>She emptied the contents of her bag on the floor </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 2 </SUP> <TT> amount of a substance that sth contains </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> high </B><I>foods with a high fibre content </I><B>| low | alcohol, calorie, carbon, fat, fibre, moisture, protein, sugar, sulphur, vitamin, etc.</B> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
96296device<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>device </B><I>noun </I> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> clever, ingenious | labour-saving, useful | complex, sophisticated | simple | hi-tech | hand-held | automatic, electrical, electronic, mechanical | bugging, contraceptive, measuring, safety, timing, warning </B><I>Police found several bugging devices in the room. </I><B>| explosive, incendiary </B><I>An incendiary device exploded in the store, setting fire to furniture. </I> </P> <P> <U> VERB + DEVICE </U><B> be fitted with, have </B><I>All new cars are now fitted with these safety devices. </I><B>| design, develop, make | use </B><I>He measured the room using an ingenious new electronic device. </I> </P> <P> <U> DEVICE + VERB </U><B> consist of sth </B><I>The device consists of a large wheel mounted on a metal post. </I><B>| be designed to </B><I>a tiny device designed to trace telephone calls </I><B>| work </B><I>The device worked exactly as I'd hoped. </I> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> ~ for </B><I>a useful device for checking electrical circuits </I> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
97297scholar<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>scholar </B><I>noun</I> </B> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> brilliant, distinguished, eminent, famous, great, leading, outstanding | visiting | biblical, classical, French, history, literary, etc.</B> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
98298visual<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
99299above<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
100300unique<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>unique </B><I>adj. </I> </P> <P> <U> VERBS </U><B> be | make sb/sth </B><I>Its magnificent proportions make this palace unique among the buildings of the world. </I> </P> <P> <U> ADV. </U><B> quite, totally, truly </B><I>The city has an atmosphere which is quite unique. </I><B>| by no means, far from, hardly </B><I>Although such a case is rare, it is by no means unique. </I><B>| almost, virtually | apparently </B> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> to </B><I>This monkey is unique to the island. </I> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
101301difficulty<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>difficult </B><I>adj. </I> </P> <P> <U> VERBS </U><B> be, look, prove, seem, sound | become, get </B><I>It is getting more and more difficult to find a job. </I><B>| make sth </B><I>The fog made driving very difficult. </I><B>| find sth </B> </P> <P> <U> ADV. </U><B> exceedingly, extraordinarily, extremely, incredibly, particularly, really, very | doubly </B><I>Her disability made taking care of the home and raising a family doubly difficult. </I><B>| increasingly | a bit, quite, rather | notoriously </B><I>Birth rates are notoriously difficult to predict. </I> </P> </DIV><DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>difficulty </B><I>noun </I> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> considerable, enormous, grave, great, major, real, serious, severe </B><I>We had enormous difficulty in getting hold of the right equipment. </I><B>| insurmountable | increasing </B><I>questions of increasing difficulty </I><B>| inherent </B><I>the difficulties inherent in treating overdose patients </I><B>| particular, special </B><I>English spelling presents special difficulties for foreign learners. </I><B>| economic, financial | practical, technical </B><I>I think we've managed to overcome most of the practical difficulties. </I><B>| behavioural, emotional, learning </B><I>children with learning difficulties </I> </P> <P> <U> QUANT. </U><B> level </B><I>The games have various different levels of difficulty. </I> </P> <P> <U> VERB + DIFFICULTY </U><B> encounter, experience, face, get into, have, run into </B><I>Among the difficulties encountered was a lack of cooperation on the part of the authorities. Anyone experiencing difficulty with radio reception should call us on the new helpline. Let me know if you have any difficulties. I had little difficulty in persuading the others to come. The scheme has run into serious difficulties. </I><B>| cause, create, make, present </B><I>Will it cause any difficulties if I go early? She is always making difficulties for herself. </I><B>| cope with, deal with, overcome, resolve, solve, surmount | avoid </B><I>how to avoid technical difficulties </I><B>| be fraught with </B><I>The situation was fraught with difficulty. </I> </P> <P> <U> DIFFICULTY + VERB </U><B> arise, crop up </B><I>Difficulties arise when people fail to consult their colleagues. </I><B>| lie (in sth) </B><I>The difficulty lies in identifying the precise nature of the problem. </I> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> despite a/the ~ </B><I>Despite all the difficulties, he still remains optimistic. </I><B>| in ~ </B><I>We could see that the swimmer was in difficulties. </I><B>| with/without ~ </B><I>We crossed the border without any difficulty. Life in the city was not without its difficulties. </I><B>| ~ in </B><I>She had difficulty in starting her car. </I><B>| ~ of </B><I>the difficulty of finding affordable accommodation </I><B>| ~ with </B><I>having difficulty with the engine </I> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
102302discipline<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>discipline </B><I>noun </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 1 </SUP> <TT> controlling behaviour </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> effective, firm, good, strong </B><I>We need better discipline in our schools. </I><B>| harsh, iron, rigid, strict </B><I>strict military discipline </I><B>| lax, poor </B><I>Discipline was too lax. </I><B>| staff, team | military, naval, party, prison, school, work </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + DISCIPLINE </U><B> enforce, exercise, exert, impose </B><I>the discipline that the party exercises over its members </I><B>| keep, maintain </B><I>The teacher was unable to maintain discipline. </I><B>| accept, submit to </B><I>They submitted to the discipline imposed by their leaders. </I> <B>| have </B><I>The school was criticized for having very poor discipline. </I><B>| lack </B><I>Modern schools lack discipline. </I><B>| tighten </B><I>The new headmaster tightened discipline in the school. </I><B>| relax | restore </B> </P> <P> <U> PHRASES </U><B> a breach of discipline </B><I>It's unfair to dismiss somebody for a single breach of discipline. </I><B>| a breakdown of discipline </B><I>a breakdown of discipline in the classroom </I><B>| a lack of discipline </B> </P> <P> <SUP> 2 </SUP> <TT> controlling yourself </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> good, great, useful, valuable </B><I>It is good discipline to learn to delegate. </I><B>| strict | personal | mental, spiritual | business, commercial, financial, fiscal, industrial, market, monetary </B><I>The chancellor has stabilized the economy through strict fiscal discipline. </I> </P> <P> <U> VERB + DISCIPLINE </U><B> have </B><I>He'll never get anywhere working for himself?he's got no discipline. </I><B>| show | lack | demand, require, take </B><I>It takes great discipline to learn a musical instrument. </I> </P> <P> <U> PHRASES </U><B> a lack of discipline </B> </P> <P> <SUP> 3 </SUP> <TT> subject of study </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> core, main, major </B><I>Students are to be tested on the three core disciplines: maths, English and science. </I><B>| distinct, independent </B><I>When did sociology emerge as a distinct discipline? </I><B>| established, traditional | subject | academic, intellectual </B><I>They established psychology as an academic discipline. </I><B>| professional | humanities, science/scientific </B> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> across ~s </B><I>There is a lack of communication across disciplines </I> (= between teachers and students of different subjects)</B><I>. </I><B>| within a/the ~ </B><I>Within a discipline there may be more than one school of thought. </I> </P> <P> <U> PHRASES </U><B> a range of disciplines </B><I>The university offers a wide range of disciplines. </I> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
103303sustain<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>sustain </B><I>verb </I> </P> <P> <U> ADV. </U><B> long </B><I>The soil was so badly eroded it could no longer sustain crop production. </I><B>| indefinitely | still </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + SUSTAIN </U><B> be able/unable to, can/could | help (to) | be difficult to, be hard to, be impossible to </B><I>This relationship would be very difficult to sustain. </I> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
104304capacity<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>capacity </B><I>noun </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 1 </SUP> <TT> amount held/produced </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> high, large </B><I>a high capacity electric pump large capacity disk drives </I><B>| limited, small | maximum, total </B><I>a total capacity of 50 litres </I><B>| excess, spare </B><I>spare capacity in the health service </I><B>| economic, productive | earning </B><I>The qualification should increase my earning capacity. </I><B>| carrying, nuclear, seating, storage | engine, lung </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + CAPACITY </U><B> have | be filled/packed to </B><I>The theatre was filled to capacity </I>(= was full) </B><I>for every performance. </I><B>| expand, increase | reduce </B> </P> <P> <U> CAPACITY + NOUN </U><B> audience, crowd </B> </P> <P> <U> PHRASES </U><B> operate/work at full capacity </B>(= to produce the maximum amount possible) </P> <P> <SUP> 2 </SUP> <TT> ability </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> amazing, enormous, great, remarkable | limited | innate, natural </B><I>Children have an innate capacity to understand language. </I><B>| intellectual, mental | human </B><I>the human capacity for compassion </I> </P> <P> <U> VERB + CAPACITY </U><B> have | lose </B><I>She seems to have lost the capacity to enjoy herself. </I><B>| increase | reduce, restrict </B> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> beyond your ~ </B><I>This maths is beyond the capacity of most school children. </I><B>| within your ~ </B><I>The mountain walk is well within the capacity of most fit people. </I><B>| ~ for </B><I>her amazing capacity for organization </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 3 </SUP> <TT> official position </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> official | personal, private, unofficial, voluntary | professional | acting, caretaker | advisory | judicial </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + CAPACITY </U><B> act in, work in </B><I>I have worked in an advisory capacity with many hospitals. </I> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> in your ~ </B><I>In my capacity as president, I would like to thank Jack for his hard work. </I> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
105305perceive<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>perceive </B><I>verb </I> </P> <P> <U> ADV. </U><B> clearly | dimly </B><I>Babies are weak and vulnerable in the presence of huge shapes that they can only dimly perceive. </I><B>| directly </B><I>the world of directly perceived objects </I><B>| differently </B><I>Risks are perceived differently by different people. </I><B>| easily, readily </B><I>The industrial bias of canal building can be readily perceived by looking at Figure 7.3. </I><B>| correctly | immediately </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + PERCEIVE </U><B> be able/unable to, can/could | fail to | be difficult to </B> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> as </B><I>The General's words were perceived as a threat by neighbouring countries. </I> </P> <P> <U> PHRASES </U><B> commonly/generally/widely perceived </B><I>It is widely perceived as a women's health problem, but it does also affect men. </I><B>| a failure/an inability to perceive sth</B> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
106306i.e.<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
107307ensure<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>ensure </B><I>verb </I> </P> <P> <U> VERB + ENSURE </U><B> must | aim to, try to | take action/care/steps to </B><I>We must take steps now to ensure the survival of these animals. </I><B>| be designed to </B><I>provisions designed to ensure safe conditions of work </I><B>| help (to) | be important to, be necessary to, be sufficient to </B><I>It is important to ensure that delegates have been properly briefed. </I> </P> <P> <U> PHRASES </U><B> an attempt to ensure sth, efforts/measures to ensure sth</B> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
108308conclude<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
109309combination<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>combination </B><I>noun </I> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> perfect, right, unbeatable, winning </B><I>The orchestra played with a winning combination of gusto and precision. </I><B>| attractive, delicious, good, happy, powerful | curious, rare, strange, unique, unusual | colour </B><I>an unusual colour combination </I> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> in ~ (with) </B><I>The materials can be used singly or in combination. Hepatitis D exists only in combination with the hepatitis B virus. </I><B>| ~ of </B><I>a delicious combination of flavours </I> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
110310agricultural<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
111311moreover<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
112312emphasize<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>emphasize </B><I>verb </I> </P> <P> <U> ADV. </U><B> strongly | rightly </B><I>The new law rightly emphasizes parental responsibility. </I> </P> <P> <U> VERB + EMPHASIZE </U><B> must, should </B><I>I must emphasize that this is only a summary, and the full report will not be available until next week. </I><B>| be important to </B><I>It is important to emphasize this point. </I><B>| seem to, serve to, tend to </B><I>All the arguments and counter-arguments serve to emphasize the controversy surrounding this disease. </I><B>| fail to | be at pains to, be keen to </B><I>I have been at pains to emphasize the positive aspects of discipline. </I> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
113313rapidly<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
114314approximately<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
115315acceptance<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>acceptance </B><I>noun </I> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> complete, full, total, unconditional, wholehearted | conditional, grudging, reluctant | gradual | greater, growing, increasing </B><I>Alternative medicines are now winning greater acceptance among doctors. </I><B>| general, popular, public, universal, wide, widespread | blind, easy, immediate, ready, uncritical, unquestioning, voluntary </B><I>Their attitude was condemned as blind acceptance of authority. </I><B>| implicit, passive, tacit | formal, official | social </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + ACCEPTANCE </U><B> find, gain, win </B><I>The idea was slow to gain general acceptance. </I><B>| seek </B><I>The group is now seeking formal acceptance. </I> </P> <P> <U> ACCEPTANCE + NOUN </U><B> speech</B> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
116316sector<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>sector </B><I>noun </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 1 </SUP> <TT> part of the business activity of a country </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> important, key | growing, growth | independent, private | public, state | voluntary | formal | informal | agricultural, banking, business, commercial, corporate, economic, financial, further/higher education, health, industrial, industry, manufacturing, market, primary, retail, service </B><I>The survey covers a wide range of industry sectors. </I><B>| rural, urban </B> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> in a/the ~ </B><I>employment opportunities in the higher education sector </I> </P> <P> <U> PHRASES </U><B> a sector of the economy/market </B> </P> <P> <SUP> 2 </SUP> <TT> part of an area or of a large group of people </TT> </P> <P> <U> VERB + SECTOR </U><B> divide sth into </B><I>Berlin was divided into four sectors after the war. </I> </P> <P> <U> PHRASES </U><B> a sector of the population/society</B> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
117317commitment<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>commitment </B><I>noun </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 1 </SUP> <TT> willingness to give time/energy to sth </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> absolute, complete, full, total | clear, deep, firm, genuine, great, passionate, real, serious, strong | continued, continuing, increased, increasing, lifelong, long-term, ongoing | general, open-ended | government, personal, professional, public | emotional, ideological, moral, political, religious </B> </P> <P> <U> QUANT. </U><B> degree, level </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + COMMITMENT </U><B> give, make </B><I>The prime minister made a firm commitment to increasing spending on health. </I><B>| demonstrate, display, show </B><I>to demonstrate a commitment to human rights </I><B>| lack | affirm, reaffirm | require </B><I>Learning to play the violin requires strong commitment. </I><B>| gain </B><I>The government has managed to gain the commitment of employers to the scheme. </I> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> ~ on </B><I>The government avoided giving any commitments on pensions. </I><B>| ~ to </B><I>his lifelong commitment to the socialist cause </I> </P> <P> <U> PHRASES </U><B> a lack of commitment </B> </P> <P> <SUP> 2 </SUP> <TT> a responsibility </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> big, considerable, major | binding | prior | international, overseas | business, domestic, family, financial, military, social, teaching, work </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + COMMITMENT </U><B> have, take on </B><I>I don't want to take on any more commitments. </I><B>| fulfil, honour, meet </B><I>She can't meet her financial commitments. </I><B>| get out of, wriggle out of </B><I>He is trying to wriggle out of his various domestic commitments. </I> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> ~ on </B><I>to honour commitments on reduction of air pollution </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 3 </SUP> <TT> agreeing to use money/time/people for sth </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> heavy </B><I>a heavy commitment of capital </I> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
118318experiment<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>experiment </B><I>noun </I> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> animal </B><I>protesting against animal experiments </I><B>| field, laboratory | educational, medical, psychological, scientific | practical | thought </B><I>His efforts involved thought experiments and analogies, rather than detailed experimentation. </I><B>| simple | brief | careful, control </B><I>(science)</I>, <B>controlled | interesting | ingenious | pioneering | bold </B><I>the country's bold experiment with economic reform </I><B>| successful, unsuccessful | pilot, preliminary | further </B><I>Further experiments will be carried out to verify this result. </I><B>| celebrated, classic/classical, famous, well-known </B><I>Pavlov's famous experiment with the dog and the dinner bell </I><B>| unique </B><I>Brazil's unique experiment with alcohol-fuelled cars </I> </P> <P> <U> VERB + EXPERIMENT </U><B> carry out, conduct, do, perform | try </B><I>The school decided to try an experiment in single-sex teaching. </I><B>| design | set up | describe, report </B><I>a classic experiment reported in 1964 </I> </P> <P> <U> EXPERIMENT + VERB </U><B> confirm sth, demonstrate sth, find sth, illustrate sth, prove sth, show sth | indicate sth, suggest sth | be aimed at sth, be designed to do sth </B><I>an experiment aimed at cutting road deaths resulting from excessive speeding </I><B>| involve sth, use sth | be successful, work </B><I>If the conditions are not right, the experiment will not work. </I><B>| fail </B> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> by ~ </B><I>The appropriate concentration of the drug is best determined by experiment. </I><B>| during an/the ~ </B><I>The animals seemed healthy during the experiment. </I><B>| in an/the ~ </B><I>In these experiments, chilling is necessary. </I><B>| ~ in </B><I>the country's brief experiment in multi-party democracy </I><B>| ~ on </B><I>The team carried out experiments on cancer tissue. </I><B>| ~ with </B><I>conducting an experiment with zinc chips and hydrochloric acid </I> </P> </DIV><DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>experiment </B><I>verb </I> </P> <P> <U> ADV. </U><B> successfully </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + EXPERIMENT </U><B> begin to | continue to </B> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> on </B><I>They experimented successfully on the plants to discover disease-resistant varieties. </I><B>| with </B><I>We have experimented with various different designs of kite. </I> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
119319implication<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>implication </B><I>noun </I> </B> </P> <P> <SUP> 1 </SUP> <TT> possible effect/result </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> considerable, crucial, enormous, important, major, massive, strong | main | deeper, fundamental, profound | broad, far-reaching, wider </B><I>discussing the broader implications of the medical plan </I><B>| full </B><I>Now they realized the full implications of the new system. </I><B>| direct | clear, obvious | underlying | general | further | possible, potential | future, long-term | grave, serious | disturbing, frightening, ominous, sinister | adverse, damaging, negative | interesting | radical, revolutionary | practical </B><I>These results have important practical implications. </I><B>| commercial, constitutional, economic, educational, environmental, ethical, financial, ideological, legal, moral, philosophical, political, psychological, social </B><I>the constitutional implications of a royal divorce </I><B>| cost, health, policy, resource, safety, security, tax </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + IMPLICATION </U><B> carry, have </B><I>The emphasis on testing leads to greater stress among students and carries implications of failure. </I><B>| grasp, realize, understand | assess, consider, examine, explore, ponder, study </B><I>You need to consider the legal implications before you publish anything. </I><B>| digest | discuss | explain | accept </B><I>a society that fully accepts the implications of disability </I><B>| reject | ignore </B> </P> <P> <U> IMPLICATION + VERB </U><B> arise </B><I>Several interesting implications arise from these developments. </I><B>| be involved </B><I>Given the resource implications involved, the plan will have to be scaled down. </I> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> ~ about </B><I>disturbing implications about the company's future </I><B>| ~ for </B><I>The research has far-reaching implications for medicine as a whole. </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 2 </SUP> <TT> sth suggested but not said openly </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> clear, obvious </B><I>The implication is clear: young females do better if they mate with a new male. </I><B>| possible </B><I>His remark seemed to have various possible implications. </I> <B>| unspoken </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + IMPLICATION </U><B> carry, have | understand | digest </B><I>Brian paused for a moment while he digested the implications of this statement. </I> | resent </B><I>I resent the implication that I don't care about my father. </I> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> by ~ </B><I>In refusing to believe our story, he is saying by implication that we are lying. </I> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
120320evaluate<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>evaluate </B><I>verb </I> </P> <P> <U> ADV. </U><B> fully, properly, thoroughly | carefully, systematically </B><I>The evidence should be carefully evaluated. </I><B>| critically | positively </B><I>The role of stay-at-home mother is more positively evaluated in working-class communities. </I> </P> <P> <U> VERB + EVALUATE </U><B> aim to, attempt to, be designed to | help (to) </B><I>to help evaluate the success of the campaign </I><B>| be used to </B><I>criteria used to evaluate employees' performance </I><B>| be difficult to, be hard to</B> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
121321precisely<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
122322notion<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>notion </B><I>noun </I> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> absurd, peculiar, ridiculous | hazy, vague | faintest, foggiest </B><I>I haven't the faintest notion how to get there. </I><B>| romantic | accepted, conventional, traditional | preconceived | general </B><I>There seems to be a general notion that nothing can be done about the problem. </I><B>| simple, simplistic </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + NOTION </U><B> have </B><I>He's got some vague notion that people will be queueing up to finance the project. </I><B>| reject | accept | support | dispel </B><I>We must dispel this notion that you can rely on the state for everything. </I> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> ~ of </B><I>They have come to reject the traditional notion of womanhood. </I> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
123323domestic<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
124324restriction<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>restriction </B><I>noun </I> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> severe, tight, tough | major | petty </B><I>The removal of petty restrictions has made life easier. </I><B>| absolute | further | artificial </B><I>free movement of goods between member countries without any artificial restrictions </I><B>| proposed | contractual, government, legal, statutory | advertising, age, credit, financial, import, parking, price, reporting </B>(= restrictions on information that newspapers may report), <B>speed, time, trade, travel, visa </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + RESTRICTION </U><B> impose, introduce, place </B><I>The government has introduced tough new import restrictions. </I><B>| lift, remove </B><I>The press asked for restrictions on reporting the war to be lifted. </I><B>| accept | be subject to </B><I>The right of sale is subject to certain restrictions. </I> </P> <P> <U> RESTRICTION + VERB </U><B> affect sth, apply </B><I>The 30 mph speed restriction applies in all built-up areas. </I> </P> <P> <U> RESTRICTION + NOUN </U><B> order </B> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> without ~ </B><I>Citizens of the EU can travel without restriction within the EU. </I><B>| ~ on/upon </B><I>The regulations were seen as a restriction on personal freedom. </I> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
125325consist<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>consist </B><I>verb </I><B>PHRASAL VERBS consist of sth </B> </P> <P> <U> ADV. </U><B> entirely, exclusively, merely, only, simply, solely </B><I>Their conversation consisted almost entirely of gossip. </I><B>| chiefly, essentially, largely, mainly, mostly, predominantly, primarily, principally</B> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
126326actual<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
127327formal<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>formal </B><I>adj. </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 1 </SUP> <TT> very correct/official </TT> </P> <P> <U> VERBS </U><B> be, seem, sound | become </B> </P> <P> <U> ADV. </U><B> extremely, very | strictly </B><I>Learning was by rote and strictly formal. </I><B>| almost </B><I>The greeting was polite, almost formal. </I><B>| fairly, quite, rather, relatively | oddly </B><I>Her words sounded oddly formal. </I><B>| stiffly </B><I>His manner was stiffly formal. </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 2 </SUP> <TT> concerned with the way sth is done </TT> </P> <P> <U> VERBS </U><B> be </B> </P> <P> <U> ADV. </U><B> merely, purely </B><I>Getting approval for the plan is a purely formal matter: nobody will seriously oppose it. </I><B>| largely </B><I>The monarch retains largely formal duties. </I> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
128328industrial<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>industrial action </B><I>noun </I> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> continuing | unlawful </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + INDUSTRIAL ACTION </U><B> take | threaten | call for | vote for | start | step up </B><I>The union is considering stepping up its industrial action. </I><B>| suspend | stop | take part in, be/become involved in </B><I>His research indicates an increase in the number of women involved in industrial action. </I><B>| support </B> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> ~ against </B><I>The union is threatening industrial action against the company. </I><B>| ~ by </B><I>industrial action by railway workers </I><B>| ~ in support of </B><I>industrial action in support of demands for a ten per cent salary adjustment </I><B>| ~ over </B><I>to take industrial action over pay </I> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
129329revolution<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>revolution </B><I>noun </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 1 </SUP> <TT> changing the political system </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> successful | bloody, violent </B><I>Thousands of people were killed in the bloody revolution that toppled the government. </I><B>| bloodless, peaceful | popular | political | anti-communist, anti-democratic, etc. | communist, socialist, etc. | palace | bourgeois, proletarian | world </B><I>Some Marxists still believe that socialism will one day triumph through world revolution. </I> </P> <P> <U> VERB + REVOLUTION </U><B> carry out, conduct, fight, foment, stage </B><I>The activists were charged with fomenting revolution. </I><B>| crush, put down | call for </B> </P> <P> <U> REVOLUTION + VERB </U><B> break out | spread | overthrow sth, topple sth </B><I>the revolution which overthrew the old regime </I><B>| fail </B><I>the failed 1911 revolution </I> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> ~ against </B><I>a revolution against communist rule </I> </P> <P> <U> PHRASES </U><B> the outbreak of the revolution, revolution from above/below </B>(= fought by people already in power/by people without political power), <B>the threat of revolution </B> </P> <P> <SUP> 2 </SUP> <TT> complete change in methods, opinions, etc. </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> quiet </B><I>There has been a quiet revolution in the way writing is taught. </I><B>| complete | virtual | minor | agrarian, agricultural, computer, cultural, economic, electronic, environmental, industrial, political, scientific, sexual, social, technological </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + REVOLUTION </U><B> achieve, bring (about) </B><I>The coming of television brought about a revolution in people's leisure activities. </I><B>| undergo </B><I>Marketing has undergone a revolution in recent years. </I><B>| embrace, welcome </B><I>Doctors have welcomed the fitness revolution. </I> </P> <P> <U> REVOLUTION + VERB </U><B> take place </B><I>As the eighteenth century wore on, an agricultural revolution took place. </I><B>| transform sth </B><I>The computer revolution has transformed the workplace. </I> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> ~ in </B><I>He achieved a virtual revolution in the way music is recorded. </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 3 </SUP> <TT> movement around sth; one complete turn </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> complete, full </B><I>One full revolution of the knob will open the hatch. </I> </P> <P> <U> VERB + REVOLUTION </U><B> make </B> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> through a ~ </B><I>The earth turns through one complete revolution approximately every twenty-four hours. </I><B>| ~ about/around/round </B><I>How long does it take for the planet Jupiter to make a complete revolution around the sun? </I> </P> <P> <U> PHRASES </U><B> revolutions a/per minute </B>&gt; See <A HREF="rev_noun.htm">REV</A> </B> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
130330fundamental<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>fundamental </B><I>adj. </I> </P> <P> <U> VERBS </U><B> be, seem | remain | consider sth, regard sth as </B><I>We consider these freedoms fundamental to democracy. </I> </P> <P> <U> ADV. </U><B> truly, very | absolutely, quite </B><I>This principle is clear and absolutely fundamental. </I><B>| fairly, rather </B> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> to </B><I>Improved funding is fundamental to the success of the project. </I> </P> </DIV><DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>fundamentals </B><I>noun </I> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> basic | very </B><I>The new law strikes at the very fundamentals of a free press. </I> </P> <P> <U> VERB + FUNDAMENTALS </U><B> teach | grasp, learn, master </B><I>We quickly mastered the basic fundamentals of navigation. </I><B>| go back to, return to </B><I>The government went back to fundamentals, concentrating on avoiding food shortages. </I> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
131331essential<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>essential </B><I>adj. </I> </P> <P> <U> VERBS </U><B> appear, be, seem | become </B><I>It is becoming almost essential for students to have a second language. </I><B>| remain | make sth </B><I>Increased competition makes it essential for the business to innovate. </I><B>| consider sth, deem sth, regard sth as, see sth as, think sth </B><I>Do you consider these textbooks essential for the course? </I> </P> <P> <U> ADV. </U><B> really | absolutely | almost, virtually | fairly | by no means </B><I>Although useful, the accessories are by no means essential. </I> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> for </B><I>the skills essential for success </I><B>| to </B><I>He believed that some form of religion was essential to human life. </I> </P> </DIV><DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>essentials </B><I>noun </I> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> bare, basic </B><I>the bare essentials for existence </I> </P> <P> <U> VERB + ESSENTIALS </U><B> grasp </B><I>Just try and grasp the essentials of the argument. </I><B>| provide </B><I>The relief agencies are trying to provide food and other basic essentials. </I><B>| concentrate on </B><I>Don't let's worry about the details at this stage. Let's concentrate on the essentials. </I> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
132332adapt<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>adapt </B><I>verb </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 1 </SUP> <TT> change your behaviour </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADV. </U><B> successfully, well </B><I>The children have adapted well to the heat. </I><B>| quickly | easily, readily </B><I>The company can easily adapt to changing demand. </I><B>| accordingly </B><I>We need to assess the new situation and adapt accordingly. </I> </P> <P> <U> VERB + ADAPT </U><B> be able/unable to, can/cannot | have to, must | need to </B> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> to </B> </P> <P> <U> PHRASES </U><B> the ability to adapt </B><I>Some animals have a remarkable ability to adapt to changing environments. </I><B>| find it difficult/hard to adapt </B><I>A lot of companies have found it hard to adapt to the new system. </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 2 </SUP> <TT> change a thing </TT> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> for </B><I>to adapt a book for television. </I><B>| from </B><I>The radio play had been adapted from a novel. </I> </P> <P> <U> PHRASES </U><B> specially adapted </B><I>The classroom has been specially adapted to take wheelchairs. </I> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
133333contact<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>contact lens </B><I>noun</I> </B> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> gas-permeable, hard, soft | daily-wear | tinted </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + CONTACT LENS </U><B> have in, wear | put in | remove, take out | clean, disinfect | rinse, soak</B> </P> </DIV><DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>contact </B><I>noun </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 1 </SUP> <TT> meeting/talking/writing to sb </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> close </B><I>She is still in close contact with Sarah. </I><B>| regular | direct </B><I>Have you had any direct contact with the director of the company? </I><B>| face-to-face </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + CONTACT </U><B> be in, have | come into, establish, get in, make </B><I>In his job, he comes into contact with many different people. We first established contact with the organization in 1999. When I arrive in New York, I'll get in contact with him. </I><B>| put sb in </B><I>I put my cousin in contact with a friend who works at the company. </I><B>| keep, maintain, stay in </B><I>Maintaining contact after many years can be difficult. </I><B>| break off | lose </B> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> ~ between </B><I>There has been no contact between them for several years. </I><B>| ~ with </B><I>I have very little contact with Simon now. </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 2 </SUP> <TT> person you know who can help you </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> good, useful, valuable | business, personal </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + CONTACT </U><B> have </B><I>He has a lot of good contacts in the music industry. </I><B>| build up, make </B><I>It takes time to build up contacts. I made a lot of useful business contacts at the conference. </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 3 </SUP> <TT> when people/things touch each other </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> physical, sexual </B><I>The disease is transmitted through physical contact. </I> </P> <P> <U> VERB + CONTACT </U><B> come into </B><I>Do not let the glue come into contact with water. </I> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> in ~ </B><I>For a brief moment their lips were in contact. </I><B>| on ~ </B><I>The light will go out on contact with water. </I><B>| ~ between </B><I>There should be no contact between the separate samples. </I><B>| ~ with</B> </P> </DIV><DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>contact </B><I>verb </I> </P> <P> <U> ADV. </U><B> immediately | directly | personally | by email, by phone/telephone </B><I>He can be contacted by phone on the telephone number given below. </I> </P> <P> <U> PHRASES </U><B> do not hesitate to contact sb </B><I>Please do not hesitate to contact me if you have any questions. </I> </P> </DIV><DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>contract </B><I>noun </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 1 </SUP> <TT> written agreement </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> long-term, permanent | casual, fixed-term, short-term | three-year, two-year, etc. | formal, written | verbal | legal, valid | void </B><I>The contract was declared void. </I><B>| enforceable, unenforceable </B><I>(law) </I><B>| big, important, major | lucrative | business, commercial | employment, maintenance, research, service | catering, construction, haulage | marriage </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + CONTRACT </U><B> have </B><I>Many workers do not have written contracts. </I><B>| bid for, tender for </B><I>Eighteen companies are bidding for the contract. </I><B>| award (sb), give sb | get, win | lose </B><I>The firm lost the contract to a large London company. </I><B>| negotiate </B><I>She managed to negotiate a permanent contract with the firm. </I><B>| draw up, write | conclude, enter into, make, sign </B><I>He entered into a contract with his former employer. </I><B>| carry out, execute </B><I>the firm carrying out the construction contract </I><B>| cancel, end, repudiate </B><I>(law)</I>, <B>rescind </B><I>(law)</I>, <B>terminate </B><I>Either party can terminate the contract at any time. </I><B>| be subject to </B><I>The offer has been accepted, subject to contract </I>(= the agreement is not legally binding before contracts are signed)</B><I>. </I><B>| be in breach of, break, violate </B><I>If you go on strike you will be in breach of contract. </I><B>| enforce </B><I>(law) </I><B>| exchange </B><I>(law) When a house is auctioned the successful bidder must exchange contracts immediately and pay a deposit. </I> </P> <P> <U> CONTRACT + VERB </U><B> expire </B><I>The contract expires at the end of next year. </I><B>| be worth sth </B><I>a series of major contracts worth millions of pounds </I> </P> <P> <U> CONTRACT + NOUN </U><B> worker </B>(= one on a fixed-term contract) <B>| law </B> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> in a/the ~ </B><I>They put a clause in the contract stipulating that the work should be finished by next month. </I><B>| on a ~ </B><I>He's on a three-year fixed-term contract. </I><B>| under ~ (to) </B><I>At that stage of her career she was still under contract to one of the big Hollywood studios. </I><B>| under a/the ~ </B><I>Under her contract of employment, Mrs Lee could not be required to work at a different site. </I><B>| ~ between </B><I>the contract between the employer and the employee </I><B>| ~ for </B><I>They won a contract for the delivery of five fighter planes. </I><B>| ~ with </B><I>Do you have a contract with your employer? </I> </P> <P> <U> PHRASES </U><B> (a) breach of contract </B><I>The company is being sued for breach of contract. </I><B>| a contract of employment/sale </B><I>You should make sure that you have a formal contract of employment. </I><B>| the terms of a contract </B><I>By using cheaper materials, the company has broken the terms of its contract. </I><B>| under the terms of a contract </B><I>Under the terms of the contract the job should have been finished yesterday. </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 2 </SUP> <TT> agreement to kill sb </TT> </P> <P> <U> VERB + CONTRACT </U><B> take out | have out </B><I>He has a contract out on you. </I> </P> <P> <U> CONTRACT + NOUN </U><B> killer, killing </B> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> ~ on </B><I>She took out a contract on her ex-husband. </I> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
134334colleague<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>colleague </B><I>noun</I> </B> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> close, trusted | junior, senior | female, male | professional, work | academic, business, medical | cabinet, parliamentary</B> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
135335dimension<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>dimension </B><I>noun </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 1 </SUP> <TT> (often <B>dimensions</B>) measurements </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> approximate | exact, precise </B><I>It is important to measure the exact dimensions of the room. </I><B>| overall | compact </B><I>Despite the unit's compact dimensions, there's still plenty of room for expansion. </I><B>| considerable </B><I>a structure of considerable dimensions </I><B>| fourth, second, third </B><I>The fourth dimension, time, is also finite in extent. </I><B>| physical, space/spatial, temporal/time | horizontal, vertical </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + DIMENSION </U><B> check, measure </B><I>Can we just check the dimensions of the bedroom again? </I> </P> <P> <U> PHRASES </U><B> in two/three dimensions </B><I>a model in three dimensions </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 2 </SUP> <TT> aspect </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> added, additional, different, extra, further, new | distinct </B><I>In looking at population ageing we will consider two distinct dimensions. </I><B>| wider </B><I>There is a wider dimension to the question. </I><B>| crucial, essential, important, main, major, significant | global, international, local, national, regional </B><I>Communication via the Internet gives an important international dimension to the project. </I><B>| aesthetic, class, cultural, economic, ethical, historical, human, ideological, moral, personal, political, religious, social, spiritual </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + DIMENSION </U><B> add, give (sth) </B><I>Her illness adds an extra dimension to the problem. </I><B>| have </B><I>The affair had a different dimension now. </I><B>| acquire, take on </B><I>The crisis acquired a new dimension. </I> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> ~ to </B><I>the spiritual dimension to our lives </I> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
136336account<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>account </B><I>noun </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 1 </SUP> <TT> description </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> brief, short | blow-by-blow, comprehensive, detailed, full, graphic, vivid </B><I>He gave us a blow-by-blow account of the incident. </I><B>| accurate, clear, eyewitness, factual, first-hand, true, verbatim | glowing, good </B><I>She received a glowing account of her son's progress. </I><B>| newspaper </B><I>the newspaper account of the trial </I> </P> <P> <U> VERB + ACCOUNT </U><B> give (sb), provide (sb with), write (sb) </B><I>Can you give us an account of what happened? </I> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> in an/the ~ </B><I>Dr Richards describes this very well in his account of the events. </I> </P> <P> <U> PHRASES </U><B> by all accounts </B>(= according to what people say) <I>I've never been there, but it's a lovely place by all accounts. </I><B>| by sb's own account </B><I>By his own account he had an unhappy childhood. </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 2 </SUP> <TT> arrangement with a bank </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> bank, building society | current | deposit, investment, savings | personal | business | joint, separate </B><I>My husband and I have separate accounts. </I><B>| numbered </B><I>They have a numbered account in Switzerland. </I> </P> <P> <U> VERB + ACCOUNT </U><B> have, hold </B><I>Go and see the manager of the bank where your account is held. </I><B>| open </B><I>She opened a savings account at the building society. </I><B>| close | credit sth to, pay/put sth into </B><I>The money will be credited to your account tomorrow. </I><B>| debit (sth from), draw sth out (of), pay sth from, take sth out (of), withdraw sth (from) </B><I>She had taken all her money out of her account. </I><B>| overdraw </B><I>Your account is overdrawn. </I> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> ~ at </B><I>He opened an account at a bank in Germany. </I><B>| ~ with </B><I>an account with Barclays Bank </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 3 </SUP> <TT> accounts: record of money a business earns/spends </TT> </P> <P> <U> VERB + ACCOUNT </U><B> do, keep </B><I>Try to keep accurate accounts. </I><B>| audit, check, look at | submit </B><I>Your accounts will need to be submitted to the tax office. </I> </P> <P> <U> ACCOUNT + VERB </U><B> be in order </B><I>The accounts are all in order. </I> &gt; Special page at BUSINESS </B> </P> <P> <SUP> 4 </SUP> <TT> arrangement with a shop/business </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> expense </B>(= an arrangement to charge expenses to your own employers) <I>taking clients for expense account lunches </I> </P> <P> <U> VERB + ACCOUNT </U><B> have | open </B><I>I'd like to open an account, please. </I><B>| close | pay off, settle </B><I>It is best to settle the account each month. </I> | charge sth to, debit (sth from), put sth on </B><I>Charge this to my account, please. </I><B>| credit sth to </B> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> on ~ </B><I>Ring for a cab on account. </I><B>| ~ at/with </B><I>an account with a large store </I> </P> </DIV><DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>account </B><I>verb </I><B>PHRASAL VERBS account for sth </B> </P> <P> <U> ADV. </U><B> fully </B><I>The increase can be fully accounted for. </I><B>| partly </B><I>The differences in achievement between the pupils are partly accounted for by differences in age. </I> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
137337statistics<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>statistics </B><I>noun </I> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> annual, monthly | latest | reliable | vital | bald, raw </B><I>The bald statistics tell us nothing about the underlying trends. </I><B>| government, national, official, police | accident, crime, criminal, economic, health, population, transport, unemployment, etc. </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + STATISTICS </U><B> prepare, produce | keep </B><I>We no longer keep statistics on former employees. </I><B>| release </B> </P> <P> <U> STATISTICS + VERB </U><B> indicate sth, prove sth, reveal sth, show sth, tell sb sth | suggest sth </B> </P> <P> <U> STATISTICS + NOUN </U><B> office </B> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> according to ~ </B><I>According to official statistics, the island had 37 inhabitants. </I><B>| ~ on </B><I>The government has released new statistics on the cost of living. </I> <br><a href="#" class="show_hide" id="plus">More information about SUBJECT</a> <DIV class="slidingDiv"> <a><I>SUBJECT:</I></a> <P><B>of study do, read, study ~ do ~ </B>is more commonly used with school subjects (but may also be used with university subjects): <I>She did maths, physics and chemistry at school. </I></P> <P><B>study ~ </B>is used with both school and university subjects: <I>He studied German at school. She went on to study mathematics at university. </I></P> <P><B>read ~</B>is only used with university subjects and is quite formal: <I>She was educated privately and at Pembroke College, where she read classics. </I></P> <P><B>lecture in, teach ~ </B><I>He taught music at a school in Edinburgh. </I></P> <P>Other verbs used with <I>subject</I> can also be used with particular subjects of study: <I>Half the students take geography at A level. We offer accounting as a subsidiary course. </I></P> <P><B>~ degree, a degree/diploma in ~ </B><I>a law degree a higher diploma in fine art </I></P> <P><B>~ class, course, lecture, lesson </B><I>The genetics lectures are on a different campus. </I></P> <P><B>~ department, a/the department of ~ </B><I>All enquiries should be made to the Department of Architecture. </I></P> <P><B>~ graduate, student, undergraduate </B><I>Some architecture graduates gain further qualifications in specialist fields. </I></P> <P><B>~ lecturer, teacher, tutor </B><I>He's an English teacher at Highland Road School. </I></P> <P><B>~ professor, (a) professor of ~ </B><I>She's professor of linguistics at the University of Wales. </I></P> <P><B>the study of ~ </B><I>The study of philosophy helps you to think critically. </I></P> <P><B>in ~ </B><I>He got As in history and art. </I></P> <P></P> </DIV> (for more verbs and nouns) </B> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
138338theme<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>theme </B><I>noun </I> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> basic, central, dominant, important, key, main, major, underlying | broad, general | common, popular, universal </B><I>universal themes of love and loneliness </I><B>| constant, familiar, favourite, recurrent, recurring | related | unifying | contemporary, topical | historical, religious, etc. | campaign, conference, research | musical </B><I>The film's haunting musical theme stayed in my head for days. </I> </P> <P> <U> VERB + THEME </U><B> develop, discuss, examine, explore </B><I>His later novels develop the theme of alienation. </I><B>| warm to </B><I>&lsquo;Our work&rsquo;, he continued, warming to his theme, &lsquo;will be a milestone in scientific history.&rsquo; </I> </P> <P> <U> THEME + VERB </U><B> emerge </B><I>Several familiar themes emerged from the discussion. </I><B>| run through sth </B><I>The same themes run through all her novels. </I> </P> <P> <U> THEME + NOUN </U><B> music, song, tune | park, pub </B> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> on the ~ of </B><I>He gave a talk on the theme of teenage unemployment. </I> </P> <P> <U> PHRASES </U><B> variations on a theme </B><I>Most of the essays appear to be variations on a few central themes. </I> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
139339locate<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>locate </B><I>verb </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 1 </SUP> <TT> find the position of sb/sth </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADV. </U><B> accurately, precisely </B><I>The machine can accurately locate radioactive material. </I><B>| quickly | easily </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + LOCATE </U><B> be able/unable to, can/could </B><I>We haven't yet been able to locate a suitable site. </I><B>| try to | fail to | be easy to </B><I>Some stars are quite easy to locate with a telescope. </I><B>| be difficult to 2 be located </B>be in a place </B> </P> <P> <U> ADV. </U><B> centrally </B><I>The hotel is centrally located between Dam Square and Central Station. </I><B>| conveniently, ideally, strategically | physically </B><I>Two people can meet in virtual reality even if physically located in different continents. </I><B>| abroad </B> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> at, between, close to, in, on, near, outside, within, etc. </B><I>Your accommodation is conveniently located within walking distance of the town centre. </I> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
140340adequate<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>adequate </B><I>adj. </I> </P> <P> <U> VERBS </U><B> be, prove, seem | remain | consider sth, think sth </B><I>The trains were not considered adequate for use on the modern railways. </I> </P> <P> <U> ADV. </U><B> really, very | perfectly, quite, totally | more than </B><I>The system is more than adequate to deal with any problems. </I><B>| barely, hardly, less than, not entirely, not wholly </B><I>The grants given to students are less than adequate. </I><B>| more or less </B><I>The amount of money we have been given is more or less adequate. </I><B>| still | no longer </B> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> for </B><I>The old computer is still perfectly adequate for most tasks. </I> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
141341largely<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
142342ideal<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>ideal </B><I>adj. </I> </P> <P> <U> VERBS </U><B> be, look, seem, sound | make sth </B><I>The hotel's size makes it ideal for large conferences. </I><B>| consider sth </B> </P> <P> <U> ADV. </U><B> absolutely | almost | less than </B><I>Language learning often takes place in a less than ideal environment. </I> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> for </B><I>The houses are absolutely ideal for families with young children. </I> </P> </DIV><DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>ideal </B><I>noun </I> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> high, lofty, noble </B><I>Sam was a real leader who had high moral ideals. </I><B>| unattainable </B><I>This is not an unattainable ideal. </I><B>| aesthetic, artistic, ethical, moral, political | democratic, liberal, revolutionary, socialist </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + IDEAL </U><B> be committed to, be devoted to, believe in, cling to, espouse, have, support </B><I>They still clung to the old ideals. </I><B>| pursue, strive for | achieve, attain, be true to, conform to, live up to </B><I>A journalist should always live up to the ideals of truth, decency, and justice. </I><B>| fall short of </B><I>This agreement falls far short of the ideal. </I><B>| abandon, betray </B><I>She was accused of betraying her political ideals. </I><B>| embody, reflect </B><I>the democratic ideals embodied in the charter </I> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
143343philosophy<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>philosophy </B><I>noun </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 1 </SUP> <TT> study of ideas about the meaning of life </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> ancient, classical | contemporary, modern | Eastern, Western | experimental, moral, natural </B><I>(historical)</I>, <B>political, religious, social </B> </P> <P> <U> PHRASES </U><B> the philosophy of history/religion/science </B> <br><a href="#" class="show_hide" id="plus">More information about SUBJECT</a> <DIV class="slidingDiv"> <a><I>SUBJECT:</I></a> <P><B>of study do, read, study ~ do ~ </B>is more commonly used with school subjects (but may also be used with university subjects): <I>She did maths, physics and chemistry at school. </I></P> <P><B>study ~ </B>is used with both school and university subjects: <I>He studied German at school. She went on to study mathematics at university. </I></P> <P><B>read ~</B>is only used with university subjects and is quite formal: <I>She was educated privately and at Pembroke College, where she read classics. </I></P> <P><B>lecture in, teach ~ </B><I>He taught music at a school in Edinburgh. </I></P> <P>Other verbs used with <I>subject</I> can also be used with particular subjects of study: <I>Half the students take geography at A level. We offer accounting as a subsidiary course. </I></P> <P><B>~ degree, a degree/diploma in ~ </B><I>a law degree a higher diploma in fine art </I></P> <P><B>~ class, course, lecture, lesson </B><I>The genetics lectures are on a different campus. </I></P> <P><B>~ department, a/the department of ~ </B><I>All enquiries should be made to the Department of Architecture. </I></P> <P><B>~ graduate, student, undergraduate </B><I>Some architecture graduates gain further qualifications in specialist fields. </I></P> <P><B>~ lecturer, teacher, tutor </B><I>He's an English teacher at Highland Road School. </I></P> <P><B>~ professor, (a) professor of ~ </B><I>She's professor of linguistics at the University of Wales. </I></P> <P><B>the study of ~ </B><I>The study of philosophy helps you to think critically. </I></P> <P><B>in ~ </B><I>He got As in history and art. </I></P> <P></P> </DIV> </P> <P> <SUP> 2 </SUP> <TT> particular system of beliefs </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> competing, differing | prevailing </B><I>humanism?the prevailing philosophy today in the Western world </I><B>| basic, general, underlying | personal | homespun, simple </B><I>the homespun philosophy that kept her going during this difficult period </I><B>| liberal | design, economic, educational, management, market, political, religious, social </B><I>a furniture-maker's design philosophy </I> </P> <P> <U> VERB + PHILOSOPHY </U><B> develop, formulate </B><I>developing a personal philosophy </I><B>| articulate | adopt, embrace, espouse | reject </B> </P> <P> <U> PHILOSOPHY + VERB </U><B> inform sth, underlie sth, underpin sth </B><I>the philosophy underlying the education system </I><B>| prevail </B><I>the management philosophy which prevailed at that time </I> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> ~ behind </B><I>The new measures were introduced with no explanation of the philosophy behind them. </I> </P> <P> <U> PHRASES </U><B> a philosophy of life/mind</B> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
144344minority<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>minority </B><I>noun </I> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> large, significant, sizeable, substantial | small, tiny | vociferous </B><I>the view of a small but vociferous minority </I><B>| ethnic, national, racial, religious | oppressed, persecuted </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + MINORITY </U><B> belong to | discriminate against </B> </P> <P> <U> MINORITY + NOUN </U><B> opinion, view | community, group | government </B> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> among a/the ~ </B><I>You are definitely among the minority. </I><B>| from a/the~ </B><I>people from ethnic minorities </I><B>| in a/the ~ </B><I>We are in the minority on this issue. </I><B>| ~ of </B><I>a sizeable minority of the population </I> </P> <P> <U> PHRASES </U><B> only a minority </B><I>Only a tiny minority of holidays are affected. </I> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
145345hypothesis<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>hypothesis </B><I>noun </I> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> acceptable, plausible | bold </B><I>Scientists have proposed a bold hypothesis. </I><B>| unlikely | speculative | testable | working </B><I>These observations appear to support our working hypothesis. </I><B>| scientific </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + HYPOTHESIS </U><B> construct, form, formulate, have, make, propose, put forward, suggest </B><I>It is possible to make a hypothesis on the basis of this graph. A number of hypotheses have been put forward. </I><B>| consider, discuss, examine, test (out) </B><I>using this data to test her hypothesis </I><B>| confirm, prove, support | accept | reject </B><I>None of the hypotheses can be rejected at this stage. </I> </P> <P> <U> VERB + HYPOTHESIS </U><B> concern sth </B><I>Her hypothesis concerns the role of electromagnetic radiation. </I><B>| predict sth </B><I>The hypothesis predicts that children will perform better on task A than on task B. </I> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> on a/the ~ </B><I>Her study is based on the hypothesis that language simplification is possible. </I><B>| ~ about </B><I>an interesting hypothesis about the development of language </I><B>| ~ on </B><I>The results confirmed his hypothesis on the use of modal verbs. </I> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
146346psychological<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>psychological </B><I>adj. </I> </P> <P> <U> VERBS </U><B> be </B> </P> <P> <U> ADV. </U><B> purely </B><I>The symptoms are purely psychological. </I> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
147347enable<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
148348trend<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>trend </B><I>noun </I> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> strong | consistent, constant, steady | accelerating, growing, increasing | underlying </B><I>Despite this month's disappointing figures, the underlying trend is healthy. </I><B>| dominant, main, major, prevailing | gradual | clear, marked | general | apparent, discernible | global, national, international, universal, worldwide | wider </B><I>The increase in crime in London was just part of a wider trend. </I><B>| positive, upward | downward, negative | contrary, opposite | healthy, welcome | adverse, dangerous, disturbing, unfortunate, worrying | fashion | demographic, population | cultural, social | evolutionary, historical | economic, market | growth, inflationary </B><I>The latest figures show a clear growth trend in the service sector. </I> </P> <P> <U> VERB + TREND </U><B> begin, create, set, start </B><I>In the 1960s, Britain set the fashion trends. </I><B>| continue | follow </B><I>We are following the American trend towards more flexible working conditions. </I><B>| reinforce | buck, counteract, go against </B><I>efforts to buck the current downward trend in sales </I><B>| reverse | halt | detect, notice | indicate, reflect, show, suggest </B><I>The data indicates a trend towards earlier retirement. </I> </P> <P> <U> TREND + VERB </U><B> develop, emerge | continue | indicate sth, reflect sth, suggest sth </B><I>Current trends suggest that car traffic will continue to grow. </I><B>| grow </B> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> ~ away from </B><I>a trend away from narrow specialization </I><B>| ~ for </B><I>A trend for romance and nostalgia has emerged. </I><B>| ~ in </B><I>future trends in the volume of employment </I><B>| ~ towards </B><I>the trend towards privatization </I> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
149349exchange<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>exchange </B><I>noun </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 1 </SUP> <TT> giving/receiving sth in return for sth else </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> fair | mutual, two-way </B><I>We get together once a month for a mutual exchange of ideas. </I> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> in ~ (for) </B><I>Woollen cloth and timber were sent to Egypt in exchange for linen or papyrus. </I><B>| ~ between </B><I>There were exchanges of goods between the two regions. </I><B>| ~ for </B><I>She considered free language lessons a fair exchange for free accommodation. </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 2 </SUP> <TT> angry conversation/argument </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> brief | acrimonious, angry, bitter, heated, sharp | verbal </B><I>a bitter verbal exchange </I> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> ~ about </B><I>angry exchanges about the problem of unemployment </I><B>| ~ between </B><I>There were many acrimonious exchanges between the two men. </I><B>| ~ with </B><I>Opposition MPs were involved in heated exchanges with the prime minister. </I> </P> <P> <U> PHRASES </U><B> an exchange of views </B><I>She had a full and frank exchange of views with her boss before resigning. </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 3 </SUP> <TT> of foreign currencies </TT> </P> <P> <U> EXCHANGE + NOUN </U><B> rate </B> </P> <P> <SUP> 4 </SUP> <TT> visit </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> academic, cultural | student, youth | official </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + EXCHANGE </U><B> go on </B> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> on an/the ~ </B><I>She is in France on a student exchange. </I><B>| ~ to </B><I>He's gone on an exchange to Rome. </I><B>| ~ with </B><I>an exchange with a German student </I> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
150350percentage<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>percentage </B><I>noun </I> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> high, large </B><I>The area has a high percentage of unemployed men. </I><B>| low, small </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + PERCENTAGE </U><B> calculate | express sth as </B><I>This figure can be expressed as a percentage of the total. </I> </P> <P> <U> PERCENTAGE + NOUN </U><B> point </B><I>Unemployment has fallen by two percentage points this month. </I><B>| rate </B><I>Insurance contributions are paid at a fixed percentage rate on all earnings. </I><B>| figure | increase, rise </B><I>the percentage rise in the average salary </I><B>| decline, fall, reduction | share </B> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> ~ of </B><I>What percentage of women own a car? </I> </P> <P> <U> PHRASES </U><B> in percentage terms </B><I>The numbers are relatively low in percentage terms. </I><B>| on a percentage basis </B><I>The artist's agent receives commission on a percentage basis. </I> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
151351sufficient<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>sufficient </B><I>adj. </I> </P> <P> <U> VERBS </U><B> be, prove, seem, sound | consider sth, deem sth, regard sth as, see sth as </B><I>Do you really regard that explanation as sufficient? </I> </P> <P> <U> ADV. </U><B> quite | far from | barely, hardly, scarcely </B><I>Our budget is scarcely sufficient to pay people, let alone buy any new equipment. </I><B>| just | almost </B> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> for </B><I>The salary proved sufficient for his needs. </I> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
152352substantial<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
153353explanation<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>explanation </B><I>noun </I> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> convincing, credible, good, likely, logical, natural, obvious, plausible, probable, rational </B><I>The most likely explanation is that his plane was delayed. </I><B>| implausible, inadequate, unlikely | acceptable, adequate, reasonable, satisfactory, sufficient | no apparent </B><I>There was no apparent explanation for the attack. </I><B>| clear, coherent | complete, comprehensive, detailed, full | partial | complex, complicated | easy, simple | innocent, prosaic </B><I>There's sure to be a perfectly innocent explanation for all this?though I admit it looks bizarre. </I><B>| convenient | accepted, traditional </B><I>There is no generally accepted explanation of this practice. </I><B>| official | possible </B> | correct, real, true | brief | <B>lengthy, long | verbal | general | common </B><I>the common explanations for hooliganism </I><B>| only, sole </B><I>It's the only explanation that makes any kind of sense. </I><B>| causal </B><I>The causal explanation must be that old age causes poverty, not that poverty causes people to be old. </I><B>| ad hoc, post hoc </B><I>post hoc </I>(= after the event) </B><I>explanations of historical changes that would have made no sense to anyone living at the time </I> <B>| cultural, historical, political, psychological, scientific, sociological, technical, theoretical </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + EXPLANATION </U><B> have </B><I>I had no explanation for her strange behaviour. </I><B>| give (sb), offer (sb), provide (sb with) </B><I>He only offered a partial explanation for his lateness. </I><B>| enter into, go into, launch into </B><I>She launched into a detailed explanation of every aspect of her work. </I><B>| advance, propose, put forward </B><I>one explanation advanced by Marxist historians </I><B>| call for, need, require </B><I>An explanation is clearly called for. </I><B>| look for, seek | find, think of </B><I>I can think of one possible explanation for her behaviour. </I><B>| ask for, demand </B><I>She wrote to the company demanding an explanation. </I><B>| wait for | deserve, merit </B><I>I suppose you deserve an explanation. </I><B>| owe sb </B><I>I think you owe me an explanation. </I><B>| accept | defy </B><I>Her success has been so remarkable as to defy explanation. </I> </P> <P> <U> EXPLANATION + VERB </U><B> lie </B><I>The simplest explanation for his achievements lies in his greater ability and superiority over his contemporaries at university. </I><B>| emerge, occur to sb, present itself, suggest itself </B><I>No single clear explanation emerged from the experiments. A more credible explanation now occurred to her. Another quite plausible explanation presented itself. </I> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> in ~ </B><I>&lsquo;I've worked with them before, you see,&rsquo; he added, in explanation. </I><B>| without ~ </B><I>She left suddenly and without explanation. </I> <B>| ~ about </B><I>He entered into a technical explanation about software and programming. </I><B>| ~ as to </B><I>He provided no explanation as to why he was late. </I><B>| ~ for </B><I>There is probably some perfectly logical explanation for their behaviour. </I><B>| ~ from </B><I>We are still waiting for a full explanation from the teacher concerned. </I> </P> <P> <U> PHRASES </U><B> an attempt at explanation </B><I>The men left quickly with no attempt at explanation. </I><B>| by way of explanation </B><I>&lsquo;I had to see you, &rsquo; he said, by way of explanation. </I> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
154354emotional<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>emotional </B><I>adj. </I> </P> <P> <U> VERBS </U><B> be, feel, look, sound | become, get, grow </B><I>He got quite emotional during the speech. </I><B>| make sb </B><I>Having all her friends around her made her very emotional. </I> </P> <P> <U> ADV. </U><B> deeply, extremely, highly, very | quite, rather </B> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> about </B><I>Don't be so emotional about everything! </I> </P> <P> <U> PHRASES </U><B> in an emotional state </B><I>He was in a very emotional state. </I> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
155355preference<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>preference </B><I>noun </I> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> clear, definite, marked, strong | slight | individual, personal </B><I>It's a matter of personal preference. </I><B>| consumer | first, second, etc. </B><I>Local voters gave Harry West first preference. </I> </P> <P> <U> VERB + PREFERENCE </U><B> have </B><I>Do you have any particular preference? </I><B>| demonstrate | express, indicate, show, state | give sb </B><I>Preference is given to students who have passed maths and chemistry. </I><B>| receive </B> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> for ~ </B><I>I choose motorways when driving, for preference. </I><B>| in ~ to </B><I>They bought French planes in preference to British ones. </I><B>| ~ as to/with regard to </B><I>He has not expressed a preference as to which school he wants to go to. </I><B>| ~ between </B><I>people's preferences between brown, white and wholemeal bread </I><B>| ~ for sth (over sth) </B><I>the government's preference for tax cuts over greater public spending </I><B>| ~ in </B><I>changing preferences in furniture styles </I> </P> <P> <U> PHRASES </U><B> in order of preference </B><I>List the candidates in order of preference. </I> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
156356calculate<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>calculate </B><I>verb </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 1 </SUP> <TT> work out a number, etc. </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADV. </U><B> accurately, exactly </B> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> according to </B><I>The amount is calculated according to the number of years you have paid into the scheme. </I><B>| at </B><I>The sum involved was calculated at $82 million. </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 2 </SUP> <TT> guess </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADV. </U><B> carefully, shrewdly | correctly </B><I>He correctly calculated that the others would not dare fight back. </I> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
157357external<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
158358code<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>code </B><I>noun </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 1 </SUP> <TT> system of letters, numbers, etc. for secret information </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> secret | Morse </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + CODE </U><B> break, crack, decipher </B><I>The code was difficult to crack. </I><B>| use, write in | invent, make up </B> </P> <P> <U> CODE + NOUN </U><B> word </B> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> in ~ </B><I>All the messages were in code. </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 2 </SUP> <TT> numbers/letters for identifying sth </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> area, dialling </B><I>What's the area code for Bath? </I><B>| post/postal | bar, charge | DNA, genetic | binary </B>(= a system of computer programming instructions) <B>| error </B>(= on a computer) </P> <P> <U> CODE + NOUN </U><B> number </B> </P> <P> <SUP> 3 </SUP> <TT> set of rules for behaviour </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> strict | ethical, moral | civil, criminal, disciplinary, penal | Highway </B><I>the Highway Code </I>(= the official rules for users of public roads in Britain) <B>| dress </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + CODE </U><B> have | devise, draw up, establish, formulate, lay down </B><I>The company has drawn up a new disciplinary code. </I><B>| comply with, follow | break, infringe, violate </B><I>He was thrown out for infringing the club's strict dress code. </I> </P> <P> <U> PHRASES </U><B> a code of behaviour/conduct/ethics/honour/practice </B><I>The profession has a strict code of practice. </I> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
159359flow<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>flow </B><I>noun </I> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> heavy, large, massive | good | adequate | poor </B><I>Our shower doesn't work very well because of the poor water flow. </I><B>| main | increased, increasing | ceaseless, constant, continuous, endless | free, uninterrupted </B><I>the uninterrupted flow of traffic </I><B>| even, smooth, steady </B><I>to maintain an even flow of work through the department </I><B>| easy, natural </B><I>I liked the concerto for its natural flow. </I><B>| outward </B><I>the outward flow of investment from the country </I><B>| annual, daily, seasonal | data, information | air, blood, gas, lava, menstrual, river, water | capital, cash, financial, investment, production, trade </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + FLOW </U><B> have </B><I>Big pension funds have a constant flow of cash. </I> <B>| get, obtain </B><I>Squeeze the tube of sealant slowly to obtain an even flow. </I><B>| allow </B><I>We like to allow a free flow of ideas in our company. </I> <B>| produce, provide </B><I>The system provides a continuous flow of information to the market. </I><B>| keep, maintain </B><I>He kept up a flow of chatter. </I><B>| ensure </B><I>You must use a wide pipe to ensure an adequate flow of water. </I><B>| control, regulate | assist, encourage, facilitate, stimulate </B><I>to encourage the flow of revenue into the country </I><B>| enhance, improve, increase </B><I>The company is trying to enhance its cash flow. </I><B>| disrupt, impede, reduce, restrict, slow (down) </B><I>The continual bombing disrupted the flow of supplies to the ground troops. </I><B>| block, break (up), cut (off), halt, interrupt, staunch, stem, stop </B><I>They tried to staunch the flow of blood. </I><B>| divert </B><I>The main flow of water has been diverted to a new course. </I><B>| join | measure </B> </P> <P> <U> FLOW + NOUN </U><B> rate </B><I>The flow rate was measured at 9.5 litres per second. </I> <B>| chart, diagram </B> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> against the ~ </B><I>They have to swim against the flow of the river. </I> <B>| ~ around/round </B><I>air flows around the wings of an aircraft </I><B>| ~ from </B><I>First cut off the water flow from the boiler. </I><B>| ~ into </B><I>She joined the flow of immigrants to the country. </I><B>| ~ through </B><I>the flow of data through the system </I> </P> <P> <U> PHRASES </U><B> changes in the flow </B><I>Changes in the flow of patients have reduced the number of beds available. </I><B>| the ebb and flow </B><I>the ebb and flow of the tide </B> </P> <P> (figurative) He was at the mercy of the ebb and flow of public opinion. </I> | in full flow </B><I>She tried to interrupt his speech, but he was already in full flow </I>(= talking continuously and not thinking of stopping)</B><I>. </I><B>| the rate of flow </B><I>the rate of flow of water </I> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
160360transition<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>transition </B><I>noun </I> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> abrupt, immediate, rapid, sudden | direct | gradual, phased, slow | awkward, difficult, painful | easy, smooth | non-violent, orderly, peaceful </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + TRANSITION </U><B> bring about, cause, effect </B><I>The negotiators hoped to effect a smooth transition to an interim administration. </I><B>| complete, make </B><I>The company was slow to make the transition from paper to computer. </I><B>| undergo | mark </B><I>The ceremony marks the transition of the student to graduate status. </I><B>| ease, smooth </B> </P> <P> <U> TRANSITION + VERB </U><B> occur, take place | be complete </B><I>Her transition from girl to woman was complete. </I> </P> <P> <U> TRANSITION + NOUN </U><B> period, process | phase </B> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> during (the) ~ </B><I>He will remain head of state during the transition to democracy. </I><B>| in ~ </B><I>The country is in transition from an agricultural to an industrial society. </I><B>| ~ between </B><I>This training course aims to smooth the transition between education and employment. </I><B>| ~ from, ~ to </B> </P> <P> <U> PHRASES </U><B> a period of transition, a process of transition, a state of transition</B> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
161361subsequent<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
162362phase<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>phase </B><I>noun </I> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> early, first, initial, primary | second, secondary, etc. | current, latest, new, present | final, last | intermediate, transition | temporary | critical, crucial, important </B><I>the critical phase of the operation </I><B>| distinct </B><I>The period can be divided into three distinct phases. </I> </P> <P> <U> VERB + PHASE </U><B> begin, enter, open, start </B><I>Society has entered a technological phase of evolution. </I><B>| go through </B><I>It's just a phase he's going through. </I><B>| complete, pass </B> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> during a/the ~ </B><I>During the first phase of expansion staff will move to the new offices. </I><B>| in a/the ~ </B><I>In the earliest phase of mental disorder, relatives feel confused. </I><B>| ~ in </B><I>a new phase in the European economy </I> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
163363rural<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>rural </B><I>adj. </I> </P> <P> <U> VERBS </U><B> be </B> </P> <P> <U> ADV. </U><B> extremely, overwhelmingly, truly, very </B><I>At the end of the 17th century England was still overwhelmingly rural. </I><B>| completely | largely, mainly, predominantly | semi-</B><I>the ideal of suburban or semi-rural living </I><B>| quite | essentially | pleasantly</B> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
164364intensity<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>intensity </B><I>noun </I> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> high, low </B><I>a band of light with high intensity </I><B>| fierce, great </B><I>The sun beat down with fierce intensity. He studied the report with great intensity. </I><B>| emotional | passionate </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + INTENSITY </U><B> decrease (in), reduce (in) | grow in, increase (in) </B><I>Her headaches started to increase in intensity. </I><B>| vary in </B> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> in ~ </B><I>The pain was growing in intensity. </I> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
165365monitor<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>monitor </B><I>noun </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 1 </SUP> <TT> television/computer screen </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> colour | CCTV, computer, television/TV, video </B> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> on a/the ~ </B><I>The security staff can see all the outside of the building on their CCTV monitors. </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 2 </SUP> <TT> machine that records/checks sth </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> foetal, heart, oxygen, pulse, radiation </B> </P> <P> <U> MONITOR + VERB </U><B> detect sth | show sth </B><I>The heart monitor shows the strength of your pulse. </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 3 </SUP> <TT> sb who checks sth is done fairly/properly </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> EU, UN </B><I>UN monitors declared the referendum fair. </I><B>| school | health, peace</B> </P> </DIV><DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>monitor </B><I>verb </I> </P> <P> <U> ADV. </U><B> carefully, closely, rigorously, strictly </B><I>Television advertising is strictly monitored. </I><B>| regularly, routinely, systematically | constantly, continuously | effectively, properly | automatically </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + MONITOR </U><B> be able to </B><I>We will now be able to monitor its progress more closely. </I><B>| continue to </B><I>The authorities will continue to monitor the situation. </I> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> for </B><I>The workers are constantly monitored for exposure to radiation. </I> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
166366competitive<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>competitive </B><I>adj. </I> </P> <P> <U> VERBS </U><B> be | become | remain, stay | make sth </B><I>skills training to make our industries more competitive in world markets </I><B>| keep sth </B> </P> <P> <U> ADV. </U><B> extremely, fiercely, highly, intensely, very </B><I>a fiercely competitive sport highly competitive prices a very competitive person </I><B>| fairly, quite, rather </B> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> with </B><I>Investment in research is needed to keep Britain competitive with countries like Japan. </I> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
167367core<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>core </B><I>noun </I> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> hollow </B><I>Each fibre has a hollow core trapping still air and aiding warmth. (figurative) There was a hollow core of sadness inside me. </I><B>| solid | copper, iron, etc. | reactor </B><I>nuclear reactor cores </I><B>| central, essential, inner, innermost, very </B><I>This is seen as the central core of the government's policy. A new spirit welled up from the very core of the nation. </I><B>| common </B><I>a common core of shared understanding about law and government </I><B>| hard </B><I>A hard core of supporters, mostly teenage girls, gathered at the airport to see the star arrive. </I><B>| emotional </B><I>the emotional core of her music </I> </P> <P> <U> VERB + CORE </U><B> form, make up </B><I>These ideas formed the core of his philosophy. </I><B>| get to </B><I>We want to get to the core of the problem. </I> </P> <P> <U> CORE + NOUN </U><B> activity, area, course, curriculum, discipline, module, programme, skill, subject </B><I>the core area of management studies Students study five core subjects. </I><B>| component, element, group | business, service </B><I>We need to stop this expansion and concentrate on the core business. </I><B>| belief, value | vocabulary </B> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> at sth's ~ </B><I>At the core of our convictions is belief in individual liberty. </I><B>| to the ~ </B><I>She was shaken to the core by the news. He's a politician to the core </I>(= in all his attitudes, beliefs and actions)</B><I>. </I> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
168368volume<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>volume </B><I>noun </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 1 </SUP> <TT> amount of space </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> total </B><I>the total volume of the containers </I> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> by ~ </B><I>They sell screws and nails by volume. </I><B>| in ~ </B><I>2 litres in volume </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 2 </SUP> <TT> quantity of sth </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> sheer </B><I>The sheer volume of fiction produced is staggering. </I><B>| considerable, enormous, great, heavy, high, huge, large, substantial, vast | small </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + VOLUME </U><B> increase | decrease, reduce | double/grow//increase/rise in </B><I>Sales have doubled in volume. </I><B>| decrease/fall in </B> </P> <P> <U> VOLUME + VERB </U><B> double, increase, rise </B><I>Sales volume has doubled since 1999. </I><B>| decrease, fall </B> </P> <P> <SUP> 3 </SUP> <TT> strength of sound that sth makes </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> high | full, maximum | low </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + VOLUME </U><B> increase, turn up | decrease, turn down | grow/increase/rise in | decrease/fall in </B> </P> <P> <U> VOLUME + NOUN </U><B> control </B><I>the volume control on the television </I> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> at &hellip; ~ </B><I>The car stereo was on at full volume. </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 4 </SUP> <TT> book </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> bound, leather-bound </B><I>a library full of bound volumes </I><B>| companion </B><I>a companion volume to the one on African wildlife </I><B>| rare </B><I>Only a specialist shop would have this rare volume. </I><B>| bulky, massive, substantial, thick, weighty | compact, slim | glossy </B><I>a forty-page, glossy volume about the company's products </I><B>| dusty | old | single | separate </B> </P> <P> <U> QUANT. </U><B> series </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + VOLUME </U><B> publish </B> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> in a/the ~ </B><I>Her poems are now available in a single volume. </I><B>| ~ of </B><I>a volume of short stories </I><B>| ~ on </B><I>a volume on ancient history </I> </P> <P> <U> PHRASES </U><B> run to five, several, etc. volumes </B><I>The encyclopedia is a huge work, running to 20 volumes. </I> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
169369framework<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>framework </B><I>noun </I> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> basic, broad, general | wider </B><I>The needs of individual schools need to be considered in a wider framework. </I><B>| existing | flexible | comprehensive | coherent | analytical, conceptual, theoretical | legal, political | administrative, management, policy | economic, financial | chronological, historical </B><I>Carbon dating provides the archaeologist with a basic chronological framework. </I> </P> <P> <U> VERB + FRAMEWORK </U><B> establish, have, set </B><I>They established a basic framework of ground rules for discussions. </I><B>| offer (sb), provide (sb with) </B> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> outside a/the ~ </B><I>Negotiations were also conducted outside the framework of the treaty talks proper. </I><B>| within a/the ~ </B><I>The committee will work within the framework of certain broad objectives. </I><B>| ~ for </B><I>a legal framework for the regulation of public access to databases </I> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
170370incorporate<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>incorporate </B><I>verb </I> </P> <P> <U> ADV. </U><B> fully | largely | clearly | expressly </B><I>These conditions must be expressly incorporated into the contract of employment. </I><B>| properly | gradually | quickly | eventually, finally | easily, readily </B><I>These new features can easily be incorporated. </I><B>| neatly | effectively | satisfactorily, successfully | necessarily | forcibly </B><I>the countries which Stalin forcibly incorporated into the Soviet empire </I> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> as </B><I>In 1940 the area was incorporated as part of the city of London. </I><B>| in </B><I>The data is now incorporated in the total figures. </I><B>| into </B><I>We can incorporate this information into our report. </I><B>| within </B><I>Results are incorporated within personalized medical records. </I> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
171371encounter<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>encounter </B><I>noun </I> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> brief </B><I>I did not see him again, except for a brief encounter on a train. </I><B>| casual, chance, unexpected </B><I>It was a chance encounter that led to the setting up of the new political party. </I><B>| close </B><I>I decided not to risk a second close encounter with the snakes. </I><B>| face-to-face | direct </B><I>The press conference was her first direct encounter with the media. </I><B>| unpleasant, violent | social </B><I>the language we use in everyday social encounters </I><B>| sexual </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + ENCOUNTER </U><B> have </B><I>I had my first encounter with the president two years ago. </I> </P> <P> <U> ENCOUNTER + VERB </U><B> take place </B> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> ~ between </B><I>violent encounters between police and protesters </I><B>| ~ with </B><I>my first encounter with my new boss </I> </P> </DIV><DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>encounter </B><I>verb </I> </P> <P> <U> ADV. </U><B> commonly, frequently, often, regularly </B><I>Walruses were commonly encountered in the Shetland Islands until quite recently. </I><B>| rarely | inevitably </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + ENCOUNTER </U><B> be likely to </B><I>What are the difficulties you are most likely to encounter? </I> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
172372cite<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>cite </B><I>verb </I> </P> <P> <U> ADV. </U><B> above, already, earlier, previously </B><I>This is similar to the example cited above. </I><B>| commonly, frequently, often </B><I>The most commonly cited reasons for stopping the treatment were lack of efficacy and side effects. </I><B>| widely </B> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> as </B><I>He cited the fall in unemployment as one of the government's successes. </I> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
173373attribute<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>attribute </B><I>noun </I> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> chief, great, key, main | desirable, essential, important, necessary, positive, useful </B><I>Patience is an essential attribute for a teacher. </I><B>| common | divine, human | cultural, personal, physical, social </B><I>Her physical attributes were much admired. </I> </P> <P> <U> VERB + ATTRIBUTE </U><B> have, possess</B> </P> </DIV><DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>attribute </B><I>verb </I> </P> <P> <U> ADV. </U><B> directly | solely | in large measure, largely, mainly | in part, partly </B> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> to </B><I>They claim that one i</I>n </B><I>twenty deaths can be directl</I>y </B><I>attributed to air pollution</I>. </B> </P> <P> <U> PHRASES </U><B> be commonly/generally/usually/widely attributed to </B><I>The goals commonly attributed to management are status, power, salary and security. </I> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
174374emphasis<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>emphasis </B><I>noun </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 1 </SUP> <TT> special importance/attention </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> considerable, great, heavy, increased </B><I>schools that put a heavy emphasis on sporting achievement </I><B>| strong | main </B><I>discussing where the main emphasis should be placed </I><B>| particular, special </B><I>Examine the events leading to the war, with particular emphasis on France's role in them. </I> </P> <P> <U> VERB + EMPHASIS </U><B> give, lay, place, put </B><I>The company lays great emphasis on customer care. </I><B>| shift </B><I>The Democrats shifted the emphasis away from direct taxation. </I> </P> <P> <U> EMPHASIS + VERB </U><B> move, shift </B><I>In recent years, the emphasis has moved away from punishing drug addicts towards helping them. </I> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> ~ on/upon </B><I>The emphasis is on keeping fit rather than developing lots of muscles. </I> </P> <P> <U> PHRASES </U><B> a change/shift of emphasis </B> </P> <P> <SUP> 2 </SUP> <TT> stress on a word/phrase </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> great </B><I>&lsquo;I&rsquo;, he said with great emphasis, &lsquo;was the one.&rsquo; </I><B>| slight </B><I>His slight emphasis on the word &lsquo;Lady&rsquo; was definitely mocking. </I> </P> <P> <U> VERB + EMPHASIS </U><B> put </B> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> with ~ </B><I>She repeated the question with emphasis. </I><B>| ~ on </B><I>Put the emphasis on the second syllable. </I> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
175375waste<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>waste </B><I>noun </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 1 </SUP> <TT> missing an opportunity to do/use sth </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> absolute, complete, total, utter </B><I>The whole thing has been a complete waste of time. </I><B>| colossal, great, tremendous | awful, criminal, senseless, shocking, terrible </B><I>a criminal waste of public money </I><B>| needless, unnecessary, useless | tragic </B><I>a tragic waste of human life </I><B>| expensive | conspicuous </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + WASTE </U><B> go to </B><I>If nobody comes all this food will go to waste. </I><B>| cause | avoid </B><I>Try to avoid unnecessary waste. </I><B>| cut down on, reduce | minimize </B> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> ~ of </B><I>a waste of energy/resources </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 2 </SUP> <TT> unwanted substances/things </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> dangerous, harmful, hazardous, poisonous, toxic </B><I>a dump containing hazardous waste </I><B>| non-toxic | high-level, intermediate-level, low-level | recyclable | agricultural, commercial, industrial | domestic, household, kitchen </B><I>All household waste should be disposed of in strong garbage bags. </I><B>| clinical, hospital, medical | nuclear, radioactive | chemical | plastic | organic | animal, human | garden, plant | municipal | liquid, solid | food, energy </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + WASTE </U><B> produce </B><I>Tonnes of waste are produced every year. </I><B>| dispose of, dump, get rid of </B><I>More people are dumping waste illegally. </I><B>| clean up </B><I>the highly expensive task of cleaning up toxic waste </I><B>| burn, incinerate </B><I>an incinerator for burning hospital waste </I><B>| bury, store | process, treat </B><I>facilities for processing radioactive waste </I><B>| recycle, reprocess | deal with, handle, manage </B><I>the best solutions for managing waste </I><B>| cut down on, reduce | eliminate | export, import </B><I>Industrialized countries continue to export their waste. </I> </P> <P> <U> WASTE + VERB </U><B> contaminate sth, pollute sth </B><I>areas contaminated by industrial waste </I> </P> <P> <U> WASTE + NOUN </U><B> collection | burial, disposal, incineration | storage | processing, recycling, reprocessing, treatment </B><I>a waste reprocessing plant </I><B>| management | minimization, reduction | bin | dump, site, tip </B><I>The river was used for years as an industrial waste dump. </I><B>| outlet, pipe | imports </B><I>a ban on waste imports </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 3 </SUP> <TT> wastes: areas of ground not lived in or cultivated </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> frozen, icy </B><I>the frozen wastes of Antarctica </I> </P> </DIV><DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>waste </B><I>verb </I> </P> <P> <U> ADV. </U><B> (not) entirely, (not) totally </B><I>In the end her efforts were not entirely wasted. </I><B>| just, simply </B><I>You're just wasting your breath. She never listens. </I><B>| largely </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + WASTE </U><B> can't afford to, not want to </B><I>He didn't want to waste valuable time in idle gossip. </I><B>| be/seem a shame to </B><I>It seems a shame to waste this good food. </I><B>| not be going to </B><I>I'm not going to waste any more time on the problem. </I> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> on </B><I>Don't waste your money on a hotel room. </I> </P> <P> <U> PHRASES </U><B> no time to waste </B><I>Hurry up?there's no time to waste! </I> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
176376climate<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>climate </B><I>noun </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 1 </SUP> <TT> weather conditions of a particular region </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> hot, warm | cold, cool | mild | extreme, harsh, inhospitable, severe </B><I>the severe northern climate </I><B>| damp, humid, wet | arid, dry | equatorial, Mediterranean, subtropical, temperate, tropical | northern, southern, etc. | global </B><I>global climate change </I> </P> <P> <U> VERB + CLIMATE </U><B> have </B><I>The city has a warm climate. </I> </P> <P> <U> CLIMATE + NOUN </U><B> change </B> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> in a/the ~ </B><I>Little grows in such a dry climate. </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 2 </SUP> <TT> opinions, etc. people have at a particular time </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> favourable | hostile, unfavourable | current, present, prevailing | changed, changing | business, economic, emotional, financial, ideological, intellectual, moral, political, social </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + CLIMATE </U><B> create </B> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> in a/the ~ </B><I>His ideas on equality are viewed as utopian in the current political climate. </I><B>| ~ for </B><I>a climate for economic recovery </I><B>| ~ of </B><I>The new policies have created a climate of fear. </I> </P> <P> <U> PHRASES </U><B> a climate of opinion</B> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
177377differ<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>differ </B><I>verb </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 1 </SUP> <TT> be different </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADV. </U><B> considerably, enormously, fundamentally, greatly, markedly, radically, sharply, significantly, substantially, widely </B><I>The two approaches differ markedly Opinions differ widely on this issue. </I><B>| little | slightly, somewhat | clearly </B> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> according to </B><I>Conditions of employment differ according to the type of company you are working for. </I><B>| between </B><I>Social organization differs significantly between the different groups. </I><B>| from </B><I>His ideas differ little from those of his father. </I><B>| in </B><I>The models differ in size and shape. </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 2 </SUP> <TT> have a different opinion </TT> </P> <P> <U> VERB + DIFFER </U><B> agree to </B><I>In the end we agreed to differ. </I><B>| beg to </B><I>I beg to differ </I>(= I disagree with you)</B><I>. </I> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> about/over </B><I>The two sides still differ over details of the plan. </I><B>| on </B><I>The two parties differ on all the major issues. </I><B>| with </B><I>It didn't seem right that I should differ with him. </I> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
178378technical<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>technical </B><I>adj. </I> </P> <P> <U> VERBS </U><B> be, sound | become, get </B><I>The conversation was getting a bit technical for me, so I left them to it. </I> </P> <P> <U> ADV. </U><B> extremely, highly, very </B><I>A lot of the discussions were highly technical. </I><B>| purely </B><I>This is a purely technical problem. </I><B>| a bit, quite, rather, somewhat</B> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
179379mechanism<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>mechanism </B><I>noun </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 1 </SUP> <TT> part of a machine </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> firing, locking, steering, trigger, winding </B> </P> <P> <U> MECHANISM + VERB </U><B> operate, work </B><I>The door locking mechanism doesn't work. </I><B>| jam </B> </P> <P> <SUP> 2 </SUP> <TT> how sth works </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> effective, precise </B><I>an effective mechanism for enforcing the rules </I><B>| underlying | complex | social </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + MECHANISM </U><B> provide </B><I>The system provides a mechanism whereby information is channelled into the market. </I> </P> <P> <U> MECHANISM + VERB </U><B> operate, work | allow sth, ensure sth </B> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> by/through the ~ of </B><I>The government is held accountable through the mechanism of regular general elections. </I><B>| ~ for </B><I>a mechanism for dealing with complaints </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 3 </SUP> <TT> system of parts/behaviour that performs a function </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> avoidance, control, defence, escape, survival </B><I>The body has defence mechanisms against many diseases. </I><B>| cellular, genetic, immunological, molecular, neural, physiological, psychological, etc. </B> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> ~ for</B> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
180380description<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>description </B><I>noun </I> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> complete, comprehensive, detailed, full </B><I>The catalogue gives a full description of each product. </I><B>| accurate, apt, exact, excellent, fair, fitting, good, perfect </B><I>&lsquo;Like a fish out of water&rsquo; was an apt description of how I felt in my new job. </I><B>| vivid </B><I>a vivid description of life in Ancient Rome </I><B>| graphic, lurid </B><I>She gave us a lurid description of the birth. </I><B>| lengthy, long | brief, short | basic, simple | vague | objective </B><I>A report is generally an objective description rather than a statement of opinion. </I><B>| physical | job </B><I>There was no mention of any cleaning in my job description. </I> </P> <P> <U> VERB + DESCRIPTION </U><B> give (sb), issue, provide (sb with) </B><I>Police have issued a description of the gunman. She was able to provide a description of the intruder. </I><B>| fit </B><I>A man fitting your description was seen entering the building. </I><B>| beggar, defy </B><I>His face was so odd that it defies description. </I> </P> <P> <U> DESCRIPTION + VERB </U><B> apply to sb, fit sb </B><I>I realized to my horror that the description of the killer fitted me. </I> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
181381assert<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>assert </B><I>verb </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 1 </SUP> <TT> say sth clearly and firmly </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADV. </U><B> boldly, confidently, emphatically, forcefully, strongly </B><I>The report asserts confidently that the industry will grow. </I><B>| directly, explicitly | simply </B><I>He had no real evidence?he simply asserted that what he said was true. </I><B>| repeatedly | rightly </B> </P> <P> <SUP> 2 </SUP> <TT> make other people recognize your rights/authority </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADV. </U><B> successfully </B><I>They successfully asserted their right to protect their homes. </I> </P> <P> <U> VERB + ASSERT </U><B> need to | be determined to, wish to </B><I>She wished to assert her independence from her parents. </I><B>| seek to, try to | be able to, manage to </B><I>He managed to assert his power over the media. </I><B>| be unable to, fail to</B> </P> </DIV><DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>asset </B><I>noun </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 1 </SUP> <TT> useful person/thing </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> big, considerable, great, important, invaluable, precious, priceless, real, tremendous, useful, valuable </B><I>The teachers are the school's biggest asset. </I><B>| best, main, major, principal, prize | cultural </B><I>The tourist industry requires that the country's cultural assets be made more accessible. </I><B>| natural </B><I>Bow windows are a natural asset to any room and should be highlighted. </I> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> ~ to </B><I>She will be an asset to any school she attends. </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 2 </SUP> <TT> what a company owns </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> combined, total | gross | net </B><I>The company's net assets are worth millions. </I><B>| business, company, corporate | commercial, financial | current, disposable, liquid </B><I>Liquid assets can be sold more quickly. </I><B>| capital, fixed, non-cash, non-monetary, physical, property | tangible | intangible | depreciable, wasting | hidden </B><I>They have hidden assets in banks around the world. </I><B>| foreign, overseas | personal | national, public, state </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + ASSET </U><B> have, hold, own, possess </B><I>assets held by the company in Asia </I><B>| transfer </B><I>He transferred all his assets into his wife's name. </I><B>| accumulate, acquire, buy | dispose of, realize, sell </B><I>The business disposed of all its capital assets. </I><B>| increase, reduce </B><I>The company has increased its UK assets. </I><B>| freeze </B><I>The courts can order a company's assets to be frozen. </I><B>| release, unfreeze </B> </P> <P> <U> ASSET + VERB </U><B> appreciate, grow </B><I>Net assets have grown to $169 million. </I><B>| decline, depreciate, dwindle </B> </P> <P> <U> ASSET + NOUN </U><B> value | management | sale | stripping </B><I>measures to prevent asset stripping </I> </P> <P> <U> PHRASES </U><B> assets and liabilities</B> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
182382assistance<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>assistance </B><I>noun </I> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> considerable, great, real, substantial | limited | invaluable, valuable | practical | special | direct, emergency, immediate </B><I>People in the flooded areas are in need of direct assistance. </I><B>| mutual </B><I>The treaty pledged mutual assistance in the event of an attack on either country. </I><B>| expert, professional | external, outside | foreign, international | government, national </B><I>They argued the case for extra government assistance for the poorest regions. </I><B>| public, social, welfare </B><I>the stigma attached to receiving social assistance </I><B>| personal </B><I>disabled people who need personal assistance to enable them to live in their own homes </I><B>| humanitarian | economic, financial, legal, material, medical, military, technical </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + ASSISTANCE </U><B> give sb, offer (sb), provide, render </B><I>We provide assistance if your car breaks down. </I><B>| get, receive </B><I>Did you receive any assistance from the authorities? </I><B>| pledge, promise (sb) </B><I>The World Bank promised assistance to the value of $5 million. </I><B>| be in need of, need, require | expect | ask for, call for, seek </B><I>I advise you to seek assistance from the police. </I><B>| turn to sb for </B><I>She had no one to turn to for assistance. </I><B>| be of, come to sb's </B><I>Do let us know if we can be of any assistance to you. A sympathetic neighbour came to his assistance. </I><B>| welcome </B> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> with/without ~ </B><I>The work was completed with the assistance of local carpenters. </I><B>| ~ for </B><I>humanitarian assistance for refugees </I><B>| ~ from </B><I>assistance from friends and family </I><B>| ~ in </B><I>assistance in finding suitable accommodation </I><B>| ~ with </B><I>assistance with rent for people on a low income </I> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
183383considerable<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
184384modify<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>modify </B><I>verb </I> </P> <P> <U> ADV. </U><B> considerably, drastically, greatly, heavily, profoundly, radically, significantly, substantially </B><I>The original text has been modified so radically that it is barely recognizable. </I><B>| a little, partially, partly, slightly, somewhat | gradually | constantly | specially | appropriately, suitably | accordingly | chemically, genetically </B><I>genetically modified organisms </I> </P> <P> <U> VERB + MODIFY </U><B> have to, need to </B><I>You may need to modify your plans a little. </I> </P> <P> <U> PHRASES </U><B> highly modified, in a modified form </B><I>These ideas are still used today, though in a slightly modified form. </I><B>| a modified version </B><I>using a highly modified version of the program </I> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
185385isolation<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>isolation </B><I>noun </I> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> complete, total | enforced </B><I>the enforced isolation of life in an Arctic weather station </I><B>| diplomatic, geographical, political | international </B><I>The country could face international isolation if it does not withdraw its troops. </I><B>| emotional, social </B><I>the social isolation of single mothers at home with their babies </I> </P> <P> <U> VERB + ISOLATION </U><B> experience, suffer (from) </B><I>Many immigrants experience isolation. </I> </P> <P> <U> ISOLATION + NOUN </U><B> hospital, ward </B> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> in ~ </B><I>The figures should not be looked at in isolation but as part of a pattern. </I> </P> <P> <U> PHRASES </U><B> in splendid isolation </B><I>The tower stands in splendid isolation on the cliff edge. </I> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
186386territory<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>territory </B><I>noun </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 1 </SUP> <TT> area of land that belongs to one country, etc. </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> vast | new </B><I>The explorers set off to conquer new territories. </I><B>| former </B><I>former French territories </I><B>| neighbouring, surrounding | home, national | alien, foreign, overseas | enemy, hostile | neutral | colonial, dependent | sovereign </B><I>Troops were stationed on sovereign German territory. </I><B>| conquered, lost, occupied </B><I>a town in British-occupied territory </I><B>| unoccupied | disputed | familiar | uncharted, unexplored, unknown, virgin | dangerous </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + TERRITORY </U><B> hold | annex, capture, conquer, invade, occupy, recapture, take | control, govern, rule </B><I>The territory had been controlled by Azerbaijan for many years. </I><B>| cede, surrender | explore </B><I>(often figurative) Tired of writing detective novels, she began to explore new territory. </I><B>| settle </B><I>The territory was never densely settled. </I><B>| enter | leave | overfly </B><I>The plane was shot down while overflying enemy territory. </I><B>| stray into </B><I>The soldiers strayed into hostile territory. </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 2 </SUP> <TT> of an animal </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> breeding </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + TERRITORY </U><B> defend, patrol | mark (out), scent-mark</B> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
187387origin<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>origin </B><I>noun </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 1 </SUP> <TT> time/place/reason that sth starts </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> common | doubtful, obscure, unknown </B><I>a letter of doubtful origin </I><B>| true | ancient, early, primitive | recent </B><I>The term &lsquo;black hole&rsquo; is of very recent origin. </I><B>| immediate </B><I>The development had its immediate origins in discussions with management. </I><B>| African, English, etc. | foreign | local | mixed | natural | supernatural | environmental, geographical, historical, intellectual | animal, human, mineral, plant, vegetable </B><I>foods of animal origin We shouldn't forget our animal origins. </I> </P> <P> <U> VERB + ORIGIN </U><B> have, share </B><I>The vases share common origins. </I><B>| investigate, trace | owe </B><I>Population genetics owes its origin to Francis Galton. </I><B>| explain | reflect </B> </P> <P> <U> ORIGIN + VERB </U><B> go back to sth, lie in sth </B><I>The origins of Gdansk go back to the tenth century. </I> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> in ~ </B><I>The rock is volcanic in origin. </I><B>| of &hellip; ~ </B><I>a painting of unknown origin </I> </P> <P> <U> PHRASES </U><B> sth's country of origin </B><I>Bottles are labelled by country of origin. </I><B>| have its origin in sth </B><I>The dispute had its origin in the Battle of Wakefield. </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 2 </SUP> <TT> family, race, class, etc, that a person comes from </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> African, English, etc. | foreign | mixed | class, ethnic, national, racial, social | middle-class, noble, peasant, slave, working-class | humble, lowly </B><I>He had risen from humble origins through hard work. </I> </P> <P> <U> VERB + ORIGIN </U><B> trace </B><I>Their family can trace its origins back to the Norman Conquest. </I><B>| betray </B><I>Her accent betrayed her working-class origins. </I> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> by ~ </B><I>He is a Londoner by origin. </I><B>| in ~ </B><I>Her family is Portuguese in origin. </I><B>| of &hellip; ~ </B><I>He was of lowly origins. </I> </P> <P> <U> PHRASES </U><B> sb's country of origin</B> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
188388respectively<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
189389judgement<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>judgement </B><I>noun </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 1 </SUP> <TT> decision/opinion </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> accurate | balanced | impartial, independent, objective | personal, subjective | intuitive | qualitative | harsh | snap </B><I>I hate having to make snap judgements. </I><B>| definitive </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + JUDGEMENT </U><B> form, make </B><I>It's difficult to form a judgement when you don't have all the facts. </I><B>| express </B><I>Remember to be tactful when expressing a personal judgement. </I><B>| confirm </B><I>This latest case confirms my earlier judgement. </I><B>| come to, reach </B><I>It is too soon to reach any definitive judgement. </I><B>| deliver, give, pass, pronounce </B><I>The school inspector's function is not merely to pronounce judgement, but also to suggest improvements. </I><B>| reserve, suspend </B><I>The court reserved judgement on the two appeals. </I><B>| obtain, win </B><I>They obtained a judgement in their favour. </I><B>| reverse </B><I>They are trying to get the judgement reversed. </I><B>| abide by </B> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> in sb's ~ </B><I>What, in your judgement, would be the best way to deal with the problem? </I><B>| ~ about </B><I>She must make her own judgement about when to go. </I><B>| ~ against </B><I>The sacked workers won a judgement against the company. </I><B>| ~ as to </B><I>Experience helps us to form judgements as to the best course of action in given circumstances. </I><B>| ~ on </B><I>I'm not equipped to pass judgement on such matters. </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 2 </SUP> <TT> decision making </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> fine, good, remarkable, shrewd, sound </B><I>Landing a plane requires fine judgement. </I><B>| impartial, independent | impaired, weak | aesthetic, artistic, critical, ethical, moral, political, professional </B><I>She has a reputation for sound professional judgement. </I> </P> <P> <U> VERB + JUDGEMENT </U><B> display, show | rely on | respect, trust </B><I>He trusted his wife's judgement. </I><B>| doubt | back </B><I>The company backed her judgement and implemented all her recommendations. </I><B>| exercise, use | colour, influence </B><I>He never allows any prejudices to colour his judgement. </I><B>| sit in </B><I>He felt he had no right to sit in judgement on someone he had only just met. </I> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> ~ about </B><I>You will need to exercise your own judgement about what clothes to wear. </I><B>| ~ in </B><I>The speaker showed good judgement in his choice of topic. </I> </P> <P> <U> PHRASES </U><B> an error of judgement </B><I>Accepting the gift was an error of judgement on the part of the party chairman. </I><B>| a lack of judgement, a matter of judgement </B><I>How much money you should invest is a matter of judgement. </I> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
190390cycle<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>cycle </B><I>noun </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 1 </SUP> <TT> series of events that happen repeatedly </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> annual, daily, monthly, regular, seasonal, weekly </B><I>the annual cycle of church festivals </I><B>| complete, entire, whole | endless </B><I>the endless cycle of birth, death and rebirth </I><B>| natural </B><I>Life is a natural cycle, just like the changing seasons. </I><B>| vicious </B><I>caught up in a vicious cycle of bingeing and dieting </I><B>| lunar, solar </B><I>the 76-year solar cycle </I><B>| breeding, menstrual, reproductive | business, economic | water </B><I>a diagram of the water cycle </I><B>| life </B><I>the life cycle of the butterfly </I> </P> <P> <U> VERB + CYCLE </U><B> go through </B><I>The European market is simply going through an economic cycle. </I><B>| complete </B><I>To complete the cycle, oxygen is necessary. </I><B>| repeat </B> </P> <P> <U> CYCLE + VERB </U><B> begin again </B><I>Male and female adults mate, the female lays eggs, and the cycle begins all over again. </I><B>| repeat (itself) </B><I>This cycle of events continually repeats itself. </I> </P> <P> <U> CYCLE + NOUN </U><B> length, time </B> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> in a/the ~ </B><I>at this point in the cycle </I><B>| per ~ </B><I>The number of young produced per breeding cycle varies from species to species. </I> </P> <P> <U> PHRASES </U><B> part of the cycle (of sth) </B><I>part of the cycle of birth and death </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 2 </SUP> <TT> bicycle </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> motor </B>(also <B>motorcycle</B>), <B>pedal </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + CYCLE </U><B> ride </B> </P> <P> <U> CYCLE + NOUN </U><B> ride, tour </B><I>We're going for a cycle ride this afternoon. </I><B>| helmet | lane, path, route, track </B><I>Cars are not allowed in the cycle lanes. </I><B>| race </B> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> by ~ </B><I>They completed their journey by cycle. </I><B>| on a/the ~ </B><I>lots of people in cars or on cycles </I> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
191391assumption<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>assumption </B><I>noun </I> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> basic, fundamental, hidden, implicit, tacit, underlying, unspoken | common, conventional, general, shared, widespread </B><I>shared assumptions between teachers and parents </I><B>| correct, reasonable, valid | erroneous, false, flawed, incorrect, mistaken, questionable, wrong </B> </P> <P> <U> QUANT. </U><B> number, series, set </B><I>Your argument is based on a set of questionable assumptions. </I> </P> <P> <U> VERB + ASSUMPTION </U><B> make </B><I>She's always making assumptions about how much money people have. </I><B>| base sth on, start from, work on </B><I>We are working on the assumption that the techniques are safe. </I><B>| accept | challenge, disprove, question, test </B> </P> <P> <U> ASSUMPTION + VERB </U><B> underly sth, underpin sth </B><I>the assumptions underlying their beliefs </I> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> on the ~ that </B><I>I set the table for eight people, on the assumption that Jo would come. </I><B>| ~ about </B><I>assumptions about how women should behave </I> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
192392german<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>German measles </B><I>noun</I> &gt; Special page at ILLNESS </B> </P> </DIV><DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>German </B><I>noun</I> <br><a href="#" class="show_hide" id="plus">More information about LANGUAGE</a> <DIV class="slidingDiv"> <a><I>LANGUAGE:</I></a> <P><B>excellent, fluent, good, perfect ~ </B><I>He speaks fluent Japanese. </I></P> <P><B>bad, broken, poor~ </B><I>I got by with broken Chinese and sign language. </I></P> <P><B>colloquial, idiomatic, non-standard, pidgin, standard ~ </B><I>The inhabitants speak a kind of pidgin Spanish. </I></P> <P><B>spoken, written ~ </B><I>My spoken Polish is better than my written Polish. </I></P> <P><B>business ~ </B><I>She is doing a course in business English. </I></P> <P><B>original ~ </B><I>The fable is translated from the original French. </I></P> <P><B>know, read, speak, understand, use ~ </B><I>I am more comfortable using Spanish, if you don't mind. </I></P> <P><B>be fluent in ~ </B><I>She was fluent in German, Urdu and Swahili. </I></P> <P><B>do, learn ~ </B><I>I did German at school but I've forgotten most of it. I've been learning Arabic for four years. </I></P> <P><B>improve, practise ~ </B><I>I spent a month in Rome to improve my Italian. </I></P> <P><B>master ~ </B><I>I never really mastered Latin. </I></P> <P><B>translate sth into ~ </B><I>He has translated her latest book into Korean. </I></P> <P><B>~ class, course, lesson </B><I>I'm late for my Russian class. </I></P> <P><B>~ interpreter, speaker, a speaker of ~ </B><I>the need for Gujarati interpreters </I></P> <P><B>a command/knowledge of ~ </B><I>He has a poor command of English. </I></P> <P><B>in ~ </B><I>What is &lsquo;apple&rsquo; in French?He addressed me in his best Portuguese.</I></P> <P></P> </DIV> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
193393illustrate<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>illustrate </B><I>verb </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 1 </SUP> <TT> put pictures in sth </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADV. </U><B> heavily, lavishly, richly | fully | attractively, beautifully, delightfully, handsomely, superbly </B> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> with </B><I>The new edition is heavily illustrated with photographs of aircraft. </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 2 </SUP> <TT> make sth clear using examples/pictures </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADV. </U><B> amply | admirably, aptly, neatly, nicely, well </B><I>The dire consequences of chronic underfunding are nowhere better illustrated than in the nation's schools. </I><B>| perfectly | merely, simply </B><I>His question merely illustrates his ignorance of the subject. </I><B>| clearly, dramatically, graphically, strikingly, vividly | brutally, starkly, tragically </B><I>The case tragically illustrates the dangers of fireworks. </I> </P> <P> <U> VERB + ILLUSTRATE </U><B> serve to </B><I>Two examples serve to illustrate this point. </I><B>| be chosen to, be designed to, be intended to </B> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> to </B><I>a way of illustrating to the chairman the folly of his decision </I> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
194394justify<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>justify </B><I>verb </I> </P> <P> <U> ADV. </U><B> really, truly </B><I>Can you really justify the destruction of such a fine old building? </I><B>| hardly </B><I>The meagre result hardly justified the risks they took to get it. </I> </P> <P> <U> VERB + JUSTIFY </U><B> can/could | attempt to, seek to, try to | need to | be difficult to, be hard to </B><I>He found it very difficult to justify his decision. </I> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> on the grounds of/that </B><I>The decision is justified on the grounds that there is no realistic alternative. </I><B>| to </B><I>How will you justify this pay cut to your employees? </I> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
195395manner<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>manner </B><I>noun </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 1 </SUP> <TT> way of doing sth/behaving </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> conventional, customary, normal, standard, time-honoured, traditional, usual | correct </B><I>You are not approaching the problem in the correct manner. </I><B>| appropriate, satisfactory </B><I>I did my best to behave in the appropriate manner. </I><B>| prudent, reasonable, responsible, safe, sensible </B><I>Chemical waste must be disposed of in an environmentally-responsible manner. </I><B>| efficient, productive, profitable | logical, methodical, orderly, rational, systematic | consistent, uniform | objective | arbitrary, haphazard </B><I>Files have been stored in such a haphazard manner that they are impossible to find. </I><B>| professional | constructive, positive </B><I>The dispute could have been handled in a more constructive manner. </I><B>| non-violent, peaceful | straightforward | suspicious </B><I>He was behaving in a highly suspicious manner. </I><B>| light-hearted | casual, easy, informal, leisurely, relaxed | formal | calm | off-hand </B><I>He answered in such an off-hand manner that I wondered if he'd misheard me. </I><B>| confident, decisive | dignified | diffident, mild, quiet, shy | charming, cheerful, friendly, jovial, kindly, pleasant, sympathetic | abrasive, aggressive, arrogant, unfriendly, unpleasant | forthright | brusque, cold | businesslike, no-nonsense </B><I>His no-nonsense manner gave him the reputation of being a good doctor. </I><B>| authoritarian, autocratic, high-handed | condescending, dismissive | authoritative </B><I>The authoritative manner in which he talked concealed his ignorance. </I><B>| bedside, telephone </B><I>He's a good doctor with a sympathetic bedside manner. She has a very pleasant telephone manner. </I> </P> <P> <U> VERB + MANNER </U><B> have | adopt </B><I>He tends to adopt a condescending manner when talking to young women. </I><B>| act in </B><I>She accused the teacher of not acting in a professional manner. </I> </P> <P> <U> MANNER + VERB </U><B> change </B><I>His manner changed abruptly when he heard how much I wanted. </I><B>| conceal sth </B><I>Her brusque m </I><B>| suggest sth </B><I>He was not as loutish as his manner suggested. </I> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> in a/the ~ </B><I>The inspectio</I>n </B><I>was conducted in a thoroughl</I>y </B><I>professional manner. </I><B>| in the ~ of </B><I>He lectured us in the manner of </I>a </B><I>headmaster. </I><B>| in your ~ </B><I>Ther</I>e </B><I>was something in his manner tha</I>t </B><I>I found very irritating</I>. </B> </P> <P> <U> PHRASES </U><B> in a timely manner </B><I>Al</I>l </B><I>claims must be settled in </I>a </B><I>professional and timely manner. </I>| <B>in no uncertain manner </B><I>He tol</I>d </B><I>her in no uncertain manner tha</I>t </B><I>her behaviour was unacceptable</I>. </P> <P> <SUP> 2 </SUP> <TT> manners: polite behaviour </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> beautiful, charming, excellent, good, impeccable, nice, perfect </B><I>It's not good manners to stare at people. </I><B>| bad | table </B><I>His children have no table manners. </I> </P> <P> <U> VERB + MANNER </U><B> have | teach sb </B><I>Didn't your parents teach you any manners? </I><B>| learn | forget </B><I>I'm sorry, I was forgetting my manners. Can I offer you a drink? </I> </P> <P> <U> PHRASES </U><B> have the (good) manners to do sth </B><I>He could at least have had the manners to answer my letter. </I><B>| a lack of manners </B><I>Her lack of manners is quite appalling. </I> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
196396constitute<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
197397phenomenon<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>phenomenon </B><I>noun </I> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> common, universal, widespread | isolated, rare, unique | new, recent | natural | curious, inexplicable, remarkable, strange | complex | observable | cultural, historical, linguistic, mental, physical, political, psychological, social, supernatural, urban </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + PHENOMENON </U><B> investigate </B><I>His job is to investigate supernatural phenomena. </I> </P> <P> <U> PHENOMENON + VERB </U><B> emerge, occur </B><I>The phenomenon occurs during early foetal development. </I> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
198398relevant<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>relevant </B><I>adj. </I> </P> <P> <U> VERBS </U><B> be, seem | become | consider sth, deem sth, regard sth as, see sth as </B> </P> <P> <U> ADV. </U><B> especially, extremely, highly, particularly, specially, very | barely, hardly, not really, scarcely </B><I>Past imperial glories are hardly relevant to the present day. </I><B>| (only) marginally, partially | not necessarily, not strictly </B><I>Resist the temptation to discuss topics that are not strictly relevant to the essay question. </I><B>| directly | only indirectly | immediately | no longer | potentially | apparently | clearly, obviously | universally | morally, politically, socially </B><I>Is there a morally relevant difference between human life and animal life? </I><B>| vocationally </B><I>vocationally relevant qualifications </I> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> to </B><I>information relevant to this case </I> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
199399acquire<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
200400correspond<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>correspond </B><I>verb </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 1 </SUP> <TT> be the same/match </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADV. </U><B> closely | directly, exactly, precisely | approximately, broadly, roughly </B> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> to </B><I>Their nursery schools correspond roughly to our infant schools. </I><B>| with </B><I>The movement of the dot on the screen corresponds exactly with the movement of the control lever. </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 2 </SUP> <TT> write letters </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADV. </U><B> regularly </B> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> with </B><I>She corresponded regularly with her former music teacher. </I> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
201401planning<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>planning </B><I>noun </I> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> careful, detailed, meticulous, thoughtful | initial </B><I>the initial planning stage </I><B>| advance, forward </B><I>The trip calls for careful advance planning. </I><B>| pre-match, pre-retirement, etc. </B><I>Deciding the agenda is the most vital aspect of pre-meeting planning. </I><B>| long-range, long-term | short-range, short-term | corporate | family </B><I>They give free advice on contraception at the family planning clinic. </I><B>| town, urban | economic, educational, environmental, financial, military, strategic </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + PLANNING </U><B> call for, demand, need, require | do </B><I>The industry needs to do some long-term planning. </I> </P> <P> <U> PLANNING + NOUN </U><B> phase, stage </B><I>The scheme is still at the planning stage. </I><B>| process | decisions | meeting | application | approval, consent, permission </B><I>We've applied for planning permission to build an extension to the house. </I><B>| authority, committee, department </B> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> in the ~ </B><I>The festival was four years in the planning. </I><B>| ~ for </B><I>Planning for future development is vital for the community. </I> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
202402error<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>error </B><I>noun </I> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> fundamental, glaring, grave, great, major, monumental, serious </B><I>The report contained some glaring errors. </I><B>| fatal </B><I>He made the fatal error of borrowing more than he could pay back. </I><B>| minor, small | embarrassing, unfortunate | past </B><I>The ability to learn from past errors is vital in business. </I><B>| common | grammatical, spelling, typing | factual | tactical </B><I>The Kenyan athlete made a tactical error in starting too fast. </I><B>| administrative, clerical | human, pilot </B><I>The plane crash was caused by human error, not mechanical failure. </I> </P> <P> <U> VERB + ERROR </U><B> commit, make </B><I>He had committed a grave error in letting them see the document. She made several serious errors during the race. </I><B>| contain </B><I>The document contained a lot of typing errors. </I><B>| detect, discover, find, spot </B><I>I found several factual errors in the report. </I><B>| point out </B><I>The error was pointed out to her by one of her colleagues. </I><B>| realize </B><I>I only realized my error when it was too late. </I><B>| avoid </B><I>She has avoided the common error of writing too much. </I><B>| correct, rectify </B><I>Glasses can correct most errors in your vision. </I><B>| compound </B><I>The paper accidentally printed the victim's address, then compounded their error by printing her name the next day. </I> </P> <P> <U> ERROR + VERB </U><B> arise (from sth), occur </B><I>errors arising from inadequate information </I> </P> <P> <U> ERROR + NOUN </U><B> detection | correction | message </B><I>An error message comes up when I try to open the program. </I> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> in ~ </B><I>The machine had been switched off in error </I>(= by mistake)</B><I>. </I><B>| ~ in </B><I>He checked his letter for errors in spelling. He realized his error in not attending the funeral. </I><B>| ~ of </B><I>The speech contained many errors of fact. </I> </P> <P> <U> PHRASES </U><B> a comedy of errors </B><I>His attempts to arrange a party ended up as a comedy of errors. </I><B>| an error of judgement </B><I>The minister had made an amazing error of judgement. </I><B>| a margin of error </B><I>The margin of error for a racing driver is tiny. </I> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
203403household<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>household </B><I>noun </I> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> average </B><I>The average household pays 27p a day in water rates. </I><B>| domestic, private, etc. | rural, urban | middle-class, working-class | high-income, low-income, poor, etc. | family, married-couple, single-person, etc. </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + HOUSEHOLD </U><B> manage, run | set up </B><I>Becoming an adult and setting up a household no longer mean the same thing. </I> </P> <P> <U> HOUSEHOLD + NOUN </U><B> appliance, contents, furniture, goods, item, product </B><I>The household contents are covered by a separate insurance policy. </I><B>| bills, budget, expenditure, expenses, income | chore, duties, task | rubbish, waste </B> </P> <P> <U> PHRASES </U><B> the head of the household </B><I>The head of the household is responsible for completing the council tax form. </I> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
204404practical<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>practical </B><I>adj. </I> </P> <P> <U> VERBS </U><B> be, seem, sound | become </B> </P> <P> <U> ADV. </U><B> eminently, extremely, highly, intensely, very | entirely, purely, strictly </B><I>For entirely practical reasons, children are not invited. </I><B>| hardly | quite, reasonably | essentially | severely </B><I>She always adopted a severely practical tone. </I> </P> </DIV><DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>practical </B><I>noun </I> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> chemistry, physics, etc. </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + PRACTICAL </U><B> sit, take | pass | fail </B><I>I passed the written exam but failed the practical. </I> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
205405professional<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>professional </B><I>adj. </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 1 </SUP> <TT> connected with a job </TT> </P> <P> <U> VERBS </U><B> be </B> </P> <P> <U> ADV. </U><B> purely, strictly </B><I>He insisted that his relationship with the duchess was purely professional. </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 2 </SUP> <TT> extremely skilled </TT> </P> <P> <U> VERBS </U><B> be, look </B><I>Their designs look very professional. </I> </P> <P> <U> ADV. </U><B> extremely, highly, really, truly, very </B><I>He dealt with the problem in a highly professional way. </I><B>| thoroughly | increasingly | almost | quite, rather </B> </P> <P> <SUP> 3 </SUP> <TT> done as a paid job, not a hobby </TT> </P> <P> <U> VERBS </U><B> be | become, turn </B> </P> <P> <U> ADV. </U><B> fully </B><I>He wants to turn fully professional. </I> </P> </DIV><DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>professional </B><I>noun </I> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> committed, dedicated, experienced | real, true </B><I>This is the work of a real professional. </I><B>| leading, senior, top </B><I>a top golf professional </I><B>| independent </B><I>The survey should be performed by an independent professional. </I><B>| fellow </B><I>an actor revered by his fellow professionals </I><B>| computer, health (care), medical | golf, tennis, etc. </B> <br><a href="#" class="show_hide" id="plus">More information about PROFESSIONAL</a> <DIV class="slidingDiv"> <a><I>PROFESSIONAL:</I></a> <P><B>be, practise as ~ </B><I>to practise as a consulting engineer </I></P> <P><B>act as ~ </B><I>She is acting as architect on this project. </I></P> <P><B>have ~ </B><I>The group does not have an internal auditor. </I></P> <P><B>need ~ </B><I>We need an engineer to design us something better. </I></P> <P><B>find ~ </B><I>It pays to find a good accountant. </I></P> <P><B>appoint, appoint sb (as), engage, get, instruct ~ </B><I>Appoint a solictor to act on your behalf. </I></P> <P><B>consult (with), get/take advice from, go to, see, speak to, talk to ~ </B><I>I demand to speak to my lawyer! </I></P> <P>an advocate, barrister, lawyer, solicitor <B>acts for/defends/represents sb </B><I>an in-house lawyer acting for a major company </I></P> <P><B>advise sb/sth ~ </B><I>His accountant has advised him to close down his business. </I></P> <P></P> </DIV> </P> </DIV><DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>profession </B><I>noun </I> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> chosen | legal, medical, teaching, etc. </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + PROFESSION </U><B> practise </B><I>In the 1930s he was forbidden to practise his profession. </I><B>| enter, go into, join </B><I>She entered the legal profession after university. </I> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> by ~ </B><I>He was a consultant physician by profession. </I><B>| in a/sb's/the ~ </B><I>making an impact in her chosen profession </I> </P> <P> <U> PHRASES </U><B> a choice of profession </B><I>She was shocked at her daughter's choice of profession. </I><B>| the top of sb's profession </B><I>He reached the top of his profession in very little time. </I> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
206406theoretical<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>theoretical </B><I>adj. </I> </P> <P> <U> VERBS </U><B> be | remain </B> </P> <P> <U> ADV. </U><B> highly | purely </B><I>This research is purely theoretical. </I><B>| largely | rather</B> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
207407summary<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>summary </B><I>noun </I> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> accurate, apt, clear, excellent, fair, good, useful </B><I>Is that a fair summary of the situation? </I><B>| comprehensive, detailed, full | general, overall | brief, concise, quick, short | bald, crude | financial, statistical | news, plot </B><I>Details of new titles, with plot summaries, are included in the catalogue. </I> </P> <P> <U> VERB + SUMMARY </U><B> make, prepare, write </B><I>Could you make a short summary of this article for me? </I><B>| give (sb), provide (sb with), supply (sb with) </B><I>He has provided a useful summary of the main categories. </I> </P> <P> <U> SUMMARY + NOUN </U><B> sheet, table | report, statement </B> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> in ~ </B><I>In summary, his views are out of date. </I><B>| in a/the ~ </B><I>She decided not to include this incident in her summary of the day's events. </I> </P> <P> <U> PHRASES </U><B> in summary form </B><I>The information is shown in summary form in the following tables. </I> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
208408depression<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>depression </B><I>noun </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 1 </SUP> <TT> unhappiness/mental illness </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> black, deep, serious, severe | acute, chronic | mild | clinical | manic | post-natal </B> </P> <P> <U> QUANT. </U><B> bout, fit, period </B><I>The actor says he suffers frequent bouts of depression. In a fit of depression, she threw away all her favourite books. A period of acute depression can sometimes follow childbirth. </I> </P> <P> <U> VERB + DEPRESSION </U><B> develop, fall into, go into, succumb to </B><I>She fell into a black depression and refused to leave her room. </I><B>| experience, have, suffer (from) </B><I>She was diagnosed as having clinical depression. </I><B>| be treated for </B><I>His wife had left him and he was being treated for depression. </I><B>| come out of, get over </B><I>She was gradually coming out of her depression. </I><B>| cause, lead to </B><I>Bereavement can often lead to depression. </I><B>| relieve, treat </B><I>a new drug used to treat depression </I> </P> <P> <U> DEPRESSION + VERB </U><B> deepen | lift </B><I>Her depression has lifted now. </I> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> in ~ </B><I>He may have killed himself in depression. </I><B>| with ~ </B><I>He's been off work for months with depression. </I> </P> <P> <U> PHRASES </U><B> (a) cause for depression </B><I>These results should not be a cause for depression. </I><B>| the depths of depression </B><I>I was in the depths of depression after receiving my exam results. </I><B>| feelings of depression, the onset of depression </B><I>The onset of depression often follows a traumatic event. </I><B>| a state of depression </B><I>He was in a state of acute depression. </I><B>| symptoms of depression, treatment for depression </B><I>She had been receiving medical treatment for depression. </I> &gt; Special page at ILLNESS </B> </P> <P> <SUP> 2 </SUP> <TT> period of reduced economic activity </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> great, major, serious, severe | economic </B><I>The country is experiencing a severe economic depression. </I> </P> <P> <U> VERB + DEPRESSION </U><B> be in the grip of, experience | go into </B><I>The housing market has gone into depression. </I><B>| face </B> </P> <P> <U> DEPRESSION + VERB </U><B> deepen </B><I>The depression seems to be deepening. </I> <B>| end </B> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> during/in a/the ~ </B><I>Many people lost their jobs in the great depression of the 1930s. </I> </P> <P> <U> PHRASES </U><B> the depths of a depression, a period of depression </B><I>periods of severe economic depression </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 3 </SUP> <TT> hollow part in the surface of sth </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> shallow, slight | deep </B> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> ~ in, ~ on </B><I>From the air, the photos show a shallow depression on the planet's surface. </I> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
209409sequence<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>sequence </B><I>noun </I> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> complete, whole | continuous | complex | correct | opening | closing | alphabetical, chronological, logical, natural, random </B><I>The article describes the chronological sequence of events. </I><B>| action, dance, dream, film | DNA, gene </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + SEQUENCE </U><B> complete </B><I>Complete the following sequence: 1, 4, 8, 13 &hellip; </I><B>| follow </B><I>We had to follow a complex sequence of movements. </I> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> in ~ </B><I>The book is more satisfying if you read each chapter in sequence. </I><B>| in a/the ~ </B><I>The heroine dies in the closing sequence of the film. </I><B>| ~ of </B> </P> <P> <U> PHRASES </U><B> a sequence of events</B> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
210410consideration<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>consideration </B><I>noun </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 1 </SUP> <TT> careful thought about sth </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> careful, detailed, full, serious | adequate, due, proper, sufficient | special, urgent | active </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + CONSIDERATION </U><B> give sth, take sth into </B><I>We will give your proposals serious consideration. You must take the size of the room into consideration. </I><B>| deserve, need, require | receive </B> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> after ~ </B><I>After due consideration, it was decided not to offer her the job. </I><B>| for sb's ~ </B><I>I enclose the report for your consideration. </I><B>| in ~ of </B><I>(formal) </I>(= as payment for sth), <B>on ~ </B><I>On consideration, we have decided not to come. </I><B>| under ~ </B><I>proposals under active consideration </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 2 </SUP> <TT> thinking about other people's wishes and feelings </TT> </P> <P> <U> VERB + CONSIDERATION </U><B> have </B><I>Have some consideration for those without a job. </I><B>| show sb, treat sb with </B><I>She showed little consideration for the beginners. </I> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> out of ~ </B><I>He did it out of consideration for his daughter. </I><B>| ~ for </B> </P> <P> <SUP> 3 </SUP> <TT> sth you think about when deciding sth </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> main, major, important, prime | overriding, paramount | minor | aesthetic, commercial, economic, environmental, ethical, financial, health, legal, moral, personal, political, practical, safety, security </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + CONSIDERATION </U><B> take account of, take into account </B><I>There are several important safety considerations that must be taken into account. </I> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
211411derive<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>derive </B><I>verb </I> </P> <P> <U> ADV. </U><B> clearly </B><I>Females and cubs clearly derive some benefit from living in groups. </I><B>| largely, mainly, primarily | partly | solely | directly </B><I>This income was derived directly from his writing. </I><B>| originally, ultimately </B> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> from </B><I>We can derive some comfort from this fact. </I> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
212412arise<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>arise </B><I>verb </I> </P> <P> <U> ADV. </U><B> naturally, spontaneously | directly </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + ARISE </U><B> may, might | be likely/unlikely to </B> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> from </B><I>Some learning difficulties arise from the way children are taught at school. </I><B>| out of </B><I>The current debate arose out of the concerns of parents. </I> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
213413radical<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>radical </B><I>adj. </I> </P> <P> <U> VERBS </U><B> be, seem, sound | become </B> </P> <P> <U> ADV. </U><B> really, very | increasingly | fairly, quite, somewhat | genuinely, truly </B><I>a truly radical concept </I><B>| apparently | potentially | politically, socially</B> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
214414collective<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
215415recognition<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>recognition </B><I>noun </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 1 </SUP> <TT> remembering/identifying sb/sth </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> immediate, instant | early </B><I>the early recognition of a disease </I><B>| dawning | character, face, handwriting, speech, text </B><I>(computing) </I><B>| automatic, computer </B><I>the automatic recognition of handwriting by computer </I> </P> <P> <U> QUANT. </U><B> flicker, sign </B><I>She stared directly at the witness but he did not show a flicker of recognition </I>(= he did not show that he recognized her)</B><I>. </I> </P> <P> <U> VERB + RECOGNITION </U><B> show | avoid </B><I>He pulled the hood of his cloak over his head to avoid recognition. </I><B>| allow </B><I>The monitoring system allows recognition of pollution hot spots. </I> </P> <P> <U> RECOGNITION + VERB </U><B> dawn </B><I>Recognition slowly dawned, &lsquo;Oh, it's you Mrs Foster!&rsquo; </I> </P> <P> <U> RECOGNITION + NOUN </U><B> software, system </B> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> beyond (all) ~ </B><I>(figurative) Many of those interviewed said their job had changed beyond recognition </I>(= changed completely) </B><I>over the past five years. </I><B>| out of (all) ~ </B><I>(figurative) The equipment and methods of production have improved out of all recognition </I>(= greatly improved)</B><I>. </I><B>| without ~ </B><I>He looked up, glanced at them without recognition, and went on his way. </I> </P> <P> <U> PHRASES </U><B> recognition in sb's eyes </B><I>There was no recognition in his eyes </I>(= he did not look as if he recognized her)</B><I>. </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 2 </SUP> <TT> accepting that sth exists/is true; public praise/reward </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> full | appropriate, due, proper | insufficient | greater, growing, increasing </B><I>There needs to be a greater recognition of corporate crime as a social problem. </I><B>| clear, explicit, overt | implicit | apparent | grudging | positive | equal </B><I>equal recognition for the work women do </I><B>| mutual | immediate, instant | belated </B><I>The award is being made in belated recognition of her services to the industry. </I><B>| individual, personal </B><I>personal recognition for your achievements </I><B>| general, universal, wide, widespread </B><I>The young talent at the club deserves wider recognition. </I><B>| international, national, worldwide | public, social | professional | diplomatic | formal, legal, legislative, official | de facto </B><I>Twelve states have accorded de facto recognition to the new regime. </I><B>| government </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + RECOGNITION </U><B> achieve, earn sb, gain, get, obtain, receive, win </B><I>His recitals have earned him recognition as a talented performer. </I><B>| deserve | require </B><I>Both of these perspectives are valid and require recognition. </I><B>| imply </B><I>They claim that signature of the peace accord did not imply recognition of the state's sovereignty. </I><B>| ask for, call for, demand, request, seek | apply for | qualify for </B><I>to qualify for UN recognition as an International Biosphere Reserve </I><B>| accord sb/sth, give sb/sth, grant sb/sth | refuse sb/sth </B> </P> <P> <U> RECOGNITION + VERB </U><B> come </B><I>Official recognition of the change came fast. </I> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> in ~ of </B><I>an award in recognition of his outstanding work </I><B>| without ~ </B><I>She has worked actively but without recognition. </I><B>| ~ as </B><I>a country that has long sought recognition as a major power </I><B>| ~ by/from </B><I>recognition by his superiors of the service he had performed </I><B>| ~ for </B><I>They received recognition for their 20-year commitment to safety at sea. </I> </P> <P> <U> PHRASES </U><B> a lack of recognition, recognition of the importance of sth, recognition of the need for sth, a struggle for recognition</B> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
216416proportion<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>proportional </B><I>adj. </I> </P> <P> <U> VERBS </U><B> be </B> </P> <P> <U> ADV. </U><B> broadly, roughly </B><I>The amount of food a child needs is roughly proportional to its size. </I><B>| directly </B><I>The speed of the glider is directly proportional to the speed of the wind. </I><B>| inversely </B><I>The amount of force needed is inversely proportional to the rigidity of the material. </I> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> to</B> </P> </DIV><DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>proportion </B><I>noun </I> </B> </P> <P> <SUP> 1 </SUP> <TT> part/share of a whole </B> </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> appreciable, considerable, fair, good, great, high, huge, large, overwhelming, significant, sizeable, substantial | reasonable | low, small | minute, negligible, tiny | certain | equal </B><I>The company employs men and women in roughly equal proportions. </I><B>| equivalent, similar | different, differing, varying | fixed | exact | approximate | average | overall | growing, increasing, rising | declining, decreasing, diminishing </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + PROPORTION </U><B> express sth as </B><I>The chart shows government spending expressed as a proportion of national income. </I><B>| grow as, increase as, rise as | decline as, decrease as, diminish as, fall as </B><I>The unskilled section of the working class was diminishing as a proportion of the workforce. </I> </P> <P> <U> PROPORTION + VERB </U><B> grow, increase, rise | decline, decrease, fall </B> </P> <P> <SUP> 2 </SUP> <TT> relationship between the size/amount of two things </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> correct | direct | inverse </B><I>The human population in the region is expanding in inverse proportion to the wildlife. </I><B>| relative </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + PROPORTION </U><B> keep sth in </B><I>Try to keep your view of the situation in proportion </I>(= not think it is more serious than it is)</B><I>. </I> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> in ~ (to) </B><I>The cost of insurance increases in proportion to the performance of the car. </I><B>| out of ~ (to) </B><I>The costs of the plan are out of proportion to the budget available. </I><B>| ~ of sth to sth </B><I>The proportion of sand to cement used was three to one. </I> </P> <P> <U> PHRASES </U><B> out of all proportion </B><I>The problem has been exaggerated out of all proportion. </I><B>| a sense of proportion </B><I>Try to keep a sense of proportion </I>(= of the relative importance of different things)</B><I>. </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 3 </SUP> <TT> proportions: size and shape of sth </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> enormous, epic, extraordinary, gargantuan, generous, gigantic, heroic, huge, immense, major, mammoth, massive, monumental, staggering | modest | manageable, unmanageable </B><I>The computer brings the huge task of stock control down to more manageable proportions. </I><B>| alarming | crisis, epidemic | classic, elegant, fine, noble, perfect </B><I>There is an entrance hall of perfect proportions, twice as long as it is wide. </I><B>| bodily </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + PROPORTION </U><B> reach </B><I>The food shortage had reached crisis proportions. </I> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
217417mode<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>mode </B><I>noun </I> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> normal, traditional, usual | effective </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + MODE </U><B> use </B><I>Try using some other mode of organization. </I><B>| change, switch to </B><I>He had no intention of changing his mode of attire. Switch from &lsquo;receive&rsquo; mode to &lsquo;transmit&rsquo; mode. </I> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> in &hellip; ~ </B><I>The machine is in its &lsquo;suspend&rsquo; mode. </I><B>| ~ of </B><I>Their main mode of subsistence is hunting. </I> </P> <P> <U> PHRASES </U><B> a mode of address, a mode of communication/expression, a mode of transport</B> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
218418resistance<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>resistance </B><I>noun </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 1 </SUP> <TT> trying to stop sth </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> considerable, great, stiff, strong, substantial | determined, fierce, heroic, serious, spirited, stubborn | effective | token | active | passive | collective, organized | widespread | armed, military | political | popular, public | guerrilla, peasant </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + RESISTANCE </U><B> mount, offer, put up </B><I>They mounted stiff resistance to the proposal. </I><B>| encounter, meet (with), run into </B><I>The advancing army met with little resistance. </I><B>| break (down), crush, overcome </B> </P> <P> <U> RESISTANCE + VERB </U><B> stiffen | collapse, crumble </B> </P> <P> <U> RESISTANCE + NOUN </U><B> movement | fighter, forces, group, leader, worker </B> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> without ~ </B><I>The attacks did not take place without resistance. </I><B>| ~ against </B><I>armed resistance against the Nazis </I><B>| ~ to </B><I>There was fierce resistance to the new laws. </I> </P> <P> <U> PHRASES </U><B> the line/path of least resistance </B>(= the easiest way of doing sth), <B>a pocket of resistance </B>(= an area of resistance) </P> <P> <SUP> 2 </SUP> <TT> to a disease/drugs </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> high | low | disease | antibiotic, drug </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + RESISTANCE </U><B> have | build up, develop </B><I>You need to build up your resistance to colds. </I><B>| lower </B> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> ~ to </B><I>Aids lowers the body's resistance to infection. </I> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
219419furthermore<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
220420diversity<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>diversity </B><I>noun </I> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> considerable, enormous, extraordinary, great, immense, rich, wide </B><I>There is need for greater diversity and choice in education. the rich diversity of the city's cultural life </I><B>| growing, increased, increasing | biological, genetic </B><I>the need to preserve biological diversity </I><B>| cultural, ethnic, linguistic, political, regional </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + DIVERSITY </U><B> create | encourage, promote </B><I>Our party believes in encouraging cultural diversity, not division. </I><B>| maintain, preserve, protect </B><I>The producer was under pressure to maintain a diversity in his output. </I><B>| decrease, increase | allow (for) </B><I>Tyrannies do not allow diversity and disagreement. </I> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> ~ in </B><I>diversity in the style of the reports </I><B>| ~ of </B><I>There is a wide diversity of views on this subject. </I> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
221421anxiety<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>anxiety </B><I>noun </I> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> acute, considerable, deep, great | chronic, constant, nagging | growing, increasing, mounting | natural, understandable | needless, unnecessary | public </B> </P> <P> <U> QUANT. </U><B> level </B><I>the high level of anxiety created by entering a new environment </I> </P> <P> <U> VERB + ANXIETY </U><B> arouse, bring, cause, create, provoke | lead to | experience, feel, suffer from </B><I>She felt a nagging anxiety that could not be relieved. </I><B>| express, share </B><I>The mothers were able to share their anxieties with each other. </I><B>| cope with, deal with </B><I>skills to cope with anxiety </I><B>| allay, alleviate, dispel, reduce, relieve </B><I>The aim is to reduce anxiety and help the patients relax. </I><B>| aggravate, increase </B> </P> <P> <U> ANXIETY + VERB </U><B> grow </B><I>The more reports I study the more my anxiety grows. </I><B>| arise (from/out of sth), surface </B><I>A few anxieties surfaced during the meeting. </I> </P> <P> <U> ANXIETY + NOUN </U><B> attack | level </B> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> ~ about </B><I>her growing anxiety about her health </I><B>| ~ at </B><I>anxiety at the deterioration of relations between the powers </I><B>| ~ for </B><I>deep anxiety for the whole family </I><B>| ~ over </B><I>There are anxieties over the effects of unemployment. </I> </P> <P> <U> PHRASES </U><B> fear and anxiety </B><I>They were encouraged to express their fears and anxieties. </I> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
222422logic<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>logic </B><I>noun </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 1 </SUP> <TT> system of reasoning </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> formal | deductive, inductive </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + LOGIC </U><B> apply, use </B><I>Philosophers use logic to prove their arguments. </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 2 </SUP> <TT> use of reason </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> compelling, exquisite, impeccable, inexorable </B><I>There is a compelling logic to his main theory. </I><B>| strict | internal, underlying | commercial, economic, political, scientific </B><I>There is sound commercial logic in never giving credit to retailers. </I> </P> <P> <U> VERB + LOGIC </U><B> accept, follow, understand </B><I>I can't follow the logic of what you are saying. </I><B>| defy </B><I>It's a stupid decision that completely defies logic. </I><B>| apply, use </B><I>You can't use the same logic in dealing with children. </I> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> ~ behind </B><I>What's the logic behind this decision? </I><B>| ~ in </B><I>There doesn't seem to be any logic in the move. </I> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
223423whole<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>whole </B><I>noun </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 1 </SUP> <TT> all of sth </TT> </P> <P> <U> VERB + WHOLE </U><B> cover, embrace, encompass, involve, span </B><I>The project involved the whole of the university. </I><B>| fill, occupy, take up </B><I>The library takes up the whole of the first floor. </I><B>| permeate, pervade </B><I>Technology permeates the whole of our lives. </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 2 </SUP> <TT> complete thing </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> coherent, cohesive, harmonious, homogeneous, integrated, organized, seamless </B><I>She was struggling to organize her ideas into a coherent whole. </I><B>| single | complex </B><I>The author examines each aspect of Roman society, then attempts to summarize the complex whole. </I><B>| meaningful </B><I>At this age, babies do not yet combine sounds into a meaningful whole. </I><B>| organic </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + WHOLE </U><B> form, make (up) </B><I>He tried to fit the pieces of evidence together to make a coherent whole. </I> </P> <P> <U> PHRASES </U><B> as a whole </B><I>Unemployment is higher in the north than in the country as a whole. </I> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
224424characterize<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
225425cooperation<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>cooperation </B><I>noun </I> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> close | full | greater, increased | active | effective | international, local | mutual </B><I>a society founded on mutual cooperation and shared prosperity </I><B>| cultural, economic, military, political, social, technical </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + COOPERATION </U><B> need, require | ask for, call for, demand, seek </B><I>She called for closer cooperation on drugs control. They are seeking the cooperation of senior medical staff. </I><B>| enlist, get </B><I>We are hoping to enlist the cooperation of women's groups. </I><B>| give (sb), offer (sb) | encourage, promote </B><I>promoting cooperation between universities and industry </I><B>| ensure </B> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> in ~ with </B><I>The film was made in cooperation with the Sports Council. </I><B>| with/without sb's ~ </B><I>With the cooperation of the public, the police may be able to catch this man. </I><B>| ~ among </B><I>increased technical cooperation among large companies </I><B>| ~ between </B><I>political cooperation between the two groups </I><B>| ~ from </B><I>You will need a bit of cooperation from your family. </I><B>| ~ in </B><I>We asked for their cooperation in the collection of data. </I><B>| ~ on </B><I>They offered their cooperation on the project. </I><B>| ~ with </B><I>We should like to thank you for your cooperation with us. </I> </P> <P> <U> PHRASES </U><B> a lack of cooperation, a need for cooperation </B><I>There is a need for greater economic cooperation. </I> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
226426dominate<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>dominate </B><I>verb </I> </P> <P> <U> ADV. </U><B> completely, entirely, totally </B><I>She completely dominated the conversation. </I><B>| increasingly </B><I>His work increasingly dominates his life. </I><B>| largely | overwhelmingly</B> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
227427implementation<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>implementation </B><I>noun </I> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> effective, successful | complete, full | detailed </B><I>Detailed implementation of the plans was left to the regional offices. </I><B>| strict | smooth </B><I>We will consult widely to ensure smooth implementation. </I><B>| practical </B><I>The practical implementation of the regulations proved difficult. </I><B>| early, immediate | gradual | policy </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + IMPLEMENTATION </U><B> achieve, ensure, secure </B><I>To achieve implementation of the programme is a long, slow task. </I><B>| monitor, oversee, supervise </B><I>The UN is to supervise the implementation of the peace treaty. </I><B>| consider, discuss </B> </P> <P> <U> IMPLEMENTATION + NOUN </U><B> plan | process </B><I>The restructuring will take place in phases, to simplify the implementation process. </I><B>| problem</B> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
228428universal<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>universal </B><I>adj. </I> </P> <P> <U> VERBS </U><B> be, seem | become | remain </B> </P> <P> <U> ADV. </U><B> truly | by no means, far from </B><I>Some of the teachers are technical specialists, but this is far from universal. </I><B>| almost, near, nearly, virtually | pretty | apparently | supposedly </B><I>supposedly universal standards </I> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> among </B><I>These practices remain universal among the islanders. </I><B>| in </B><I>a scheme that is universal in scope </I> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
229429significance<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>significance </B><I>noun </I> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> considerable, criminal, deep, enormous, great, immense, major, profound, real | full, general, wider </B><I>The scientists are cautious about the wider significance of their findings. </I><B>| limited, minor | particular, special | real, true </B><I>They failed to appreciate the true significance of these discoveries. </I><B>| functional, practical, statistical, strategic, symbolic, theoretical | constitutional, cultural, economic, moral, historical, political, religious, social </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + SIGNIFICANCE </U><B> have </B><I>The ceremony has great symbolic significance. </I><B>| acquire, assume, gain, take on </B><I>Suddenly his son's relationship with the girl took on a new significance. </I><B>| attach </B><I>Let us not attach too much significance to these meetings. </I><B>| assess | appreciate, be aware of, grasp, understand | exaggerate | minimize, play down, underestimate </B> </P> <P> <U> SIGNIFICANCE + VERB </U><B> lie in sth </B><I>The significance of this lies in the fact that he had previously denied all knowledge of the fund. </I><B>| attach to sth </B><I>Does any significance attach to the use of the technical terms? </I> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> ~ for/to </B><I>a meal that has particular significance for a Jewish family </I><B>| of ~ </B><I>a policy of special significance to women </I> </P> <P> <U> PHRASES </U><B> be of little, no, etc. significance</B> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
230430resolution<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>resolution </B><I>noun </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 1 </SUP> <TT> formal decision taken after a vote </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> draft | formal | joint </B><I>a joint US-British resolution </I><B>| unanimous | ordinary | emergency, special | compromise | affirmative, negative </B><I>(both law) An affirmative resolution of both Houses of Parliament is needed. </I><B>| Security Council, UN, etc. </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + RESOLUTION </U><B> draft | propose, put forward, table | vote on | adopt, agree, approve, carry, pass </B><I>The resolution was carried unanimously. </I><B>| block, reject </B> </P> <P> <U> RESOLUTION + VERB </U><B> be aimed at sth, call for sth </B><I>The resolution called for the resumption of negotiations. </I><B>| declare sth, proclaim sth </B><I>a resolution declaring independence </I><B>| approve sth, authorize sth </B><I>The assembly adopted a resolution approving the scheme. </I><B>| condemn sth </B><I>a resolution condemning the invasion </I> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> under (a/the) ~ </B><I>weapons banned under Resolution 687 </I><B>| ~ on </B><I>The General Assembly rejected the resolution on the subject of arms control. </I>&gt; Special page at MEETING </B> </P> <P> <SUP> 2 </SUP> <TT> settling a dispute </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> early, quick, rapid | final, ultimate | peaceful </B><I>Hopes of a peaceful resolution to the conflict were fading. </I><B>| satisfactory, successful | conflict, dispute </B><I>methods of conflict resolution </I> </P> <P> <U> VERB + RESOLUTION </U><B> require | press for </B><I>The government is pressing for an early resolution of the hostage crisis. </I><B>| achieve, reach </B> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> ~ to </B><I>the likelihood of achieving a satisfactory resolution to the problem </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 3 </SUP> <TT> being firm and determined </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> great </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + RESOLUTION </U><B> have | show </B><I>She showed great resolution in her dealings with management. </I><B>| lack </B> </P> <P> <SUP> 4 </SUP> <TT> firm decision to do/not to do sth </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> firm, good | New Year/New Year's </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + RESOLUTION </U><B> make </B><I>I made a New Year resolution to give up smoking. </I><B>| keep </B> </P> <P> <SUP> 5 </SUP> <TT> power to give a clear image </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> high </B><I>high-resolution graphics </I><B>| low | maximum | screen | pixel </B><I>a monitor capable of a 1,024 by 768 pixel resolution </I> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
231431numerous<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>numerous </B><I>adj. </I> </P> <P> <U> VERBS </U><B> be | become </B> </P> <P> <U> ADV. </U><B> especially, particularly, very | increasingly | reasonably, relatively | enough, sufficiently </B><I>By the mid-twelfth century pilgrims were numerous enough to merit a guidebook. </I> </P> <P> <U> PHRASES </U><B> too numerous to list/mention </B><I>The related publications are far too numerous to list individually. </I> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
232432extensive<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
233433biological<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
234434display<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>display </B><I>noun </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 1 </SUP> <TT> arrangement of things </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> attractive, beautiful, colourful, dazzling, excellent, eye-catching, fascinating, fine, good, interesting, stunning | special | public | permanent, temporary | static </B><I>The locomotive is normally kept on static display in the National Railway Museum. </I><B>| audio-visual, visual </B><I>An audio-visual display gives visitors an idea of what life was like aboard a sailing ship. </I><B>| floral, photographic </B><I>a beautiful floral display outside the Town Hall </I><B>| in-store, wall, window | museum, shop </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + DISPLAY </U><B> have </B><I>The museum has a fine display of old medical instruments. </I><B>| mount </B><I>We plan to mount a display of the children's work in the lobby area. </I><B>| go on </B><I>Examples of her work will go on permanent display in the new museum. </I><B>| put sth on </B><I>The birds were put on display at the zoological society. </I> </P> <P> <U> DISPLAY + VERB </U><B> illustrate sth, show sth </B><I>The display illustrates the traditional industries of the town. </I> </P> <P> <U> DISPLAY + NOUN </U><B> board, cabinet, case, stand </B><I>a glass-fronted display cabinet </I> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> on ~ </B><I>Designs for the new sports hall are on public display in the library. On display are earrings, necklaces and bracelets made from jade, amber and amethyst. </I><B>| ~ of </B><I>a display of Roman coins </I> <br><a href="#" class="show_hide" id="plus">More information about ART WORKS </a> <DIV class="slidingDiv"> <a><I>ART WORKS:</I></a> <P><B>of art a piece/work of art </B><I>Michelangelo's Piet&agrave; is a magnificent work of art. </I></P> <P><B>collect ~ </B><I>She collects Jacobean portraits. </I></P> <P><B>display, exhibit, show ~ </B><I>The works will be displayed in the new wing of the museum. </I></P> <P><B>~ be (put) on display/exhibition/show ~ go on display/exhibition/show </B><I>paintings put on show for the first time The photographs are on exhibition until the end of September. </I></P> <P><B>house ~ </B><I>An annexe was built to house the sculptures. </I></P> <P><B>a series of ~ </B><I>a series of paintings by Van Gogh </I></P> <P><B>a collection/exhibition of ~ </B><I>an exhibition of early 20th century French masterpieces </I></P> <P><B>an art/photographic/photography exhibition </B><I>The open art exhibition will allow new artists to exhibit their work. </I></P> <P><B>by ~ </B><I>a sculpture by Barbara Hepworth </I></P> <P></P> </DIV> </P> <P> <SUP> 2 </SUP> <TT> performing a skill </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> astonishing, awesome, breathtaking, brilliant, devastating, flamboyant, great, impressive, magnificent, outstanding, spectacular, spirited, superb, virtuoso </B><I>a flamboyant display of footballing skills </I><B>| disappointing, lacklustre, poor | firework | pyrotechnic </B><I>The sun set in a pyrotechnic display that burnt up the whole western sky. </I><B>| aerial, aerobatic, air, flying, parachute | courtship, mating, sexual </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + DISPLAY </U><B> give, perform, put on </B><I>The male performs a magnificent courtship display. They put on a spectacular firework display. </I><B>| treat sb to </B><I>The crowd was treated to an impressive display of power tennis. </I><B>| watch </B> </P> <P> <U> DISPLAY + NOUN </U><B> team </B><I>an aerobatic display team </I> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> ~ of </B><I>They gave a virtuoso display of disco dancing. </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 3 </SUP> <TT> showing a particular feeling/quality </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> brief | rare | impressive, incredible, striking </B><I>Members of the community closed ranks in an impressive display of unity. </I><B>| open, public </B><I>an open display of affection for her husband </I><B>| outward </B><I>Despite his outward display of friendliness, I sensed he was concealing something. </I><B>| ostentatious, overt </B><I>an ostentatious display of wealth </I><B>| aggressive </B><I>There may be specific events which trigger aggressive displays in your dog. </I> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> ~ of </B><I>She slammed the door behind her in a display of ill-temper. </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 4 </SUP> <TT> on a computer screen, etc. </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> computer, screen | data, graphics, video, visual | colour, mono/monochrome | high resolution, low resolution </B><I>a high resolution colour display </I><B>| LCD/liquid crystal | analogue, digital | Windows </B> </P> <P> <U> DISPLAY + NOUN </U><B> screen, terminal, unit </B><I>display screen equipment a visual display unit </I> </P> </DIV><DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>display </B><I>verb </I> </P> <P> <U> ADV. </U><B> clearly, prominently </B><I>His football trophies were prominently displayed in the kitchen. </I><B>| proudly </B> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> to </B><I>She proudly displayed her degree certificate to her parents. </I> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
235435publication<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>publication </B><I>noun </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 1 </SUP> <TT> of a book, etc. </TT> </P> <P> <U> VERB + PUBLICATION </U><B> begin | cease, stop | prepare sth for | be due/scheduled for </B><I>The book is scheduled for publication in the autumn. </I><B>| accept sth for </B> </P> <P> <U> PUBLICATION + VERB </U><B> be due/scheduled </B><I>The publication of her memoirs is scheduled for the autumn. </I> </P> <P> <U> PUBLICATION + NOUN </U><B> date </B> </P> <P> <U> PHRASES </U><B> the date/time of publication </B> </P> <P> <SUP> 2 </SUP> <TT> book, magazine, etc. </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> new, recent | forthcoming | leading, major | sister </B><I>&lsquo;This Week&rsquo;'s German sister publication, &lsquo;Diese Woche&rsquo;, went out of business. </I><B>| government, official | specialist | academic, business, scientific, trade </B> </P> <P> <U> PUBLICATION + NOUN </U><B> publications catalogue/list </B> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> ~ about </B><I>specialist publications about bees </I><B>| ~ on </B><I>She has several publications to her name on local history. </I> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
236436widely<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
237437permit<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>permit </B><I>noun </I> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> government, official | export, import | residence, residency | work | travel | resident's, visitor's | building, filming, fishing, landing, parking </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + PERMIT </U><B> have | give (sb), grant (sb), issue | get, obtain, receive | revoke | renew | apply for | need, require </B> </P> <P> <U> PERMIT + VERB </U><B> expire, run out </B> </P> <P> <U> PERMIT + NOUN </U><B> holder </B> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> by ~ </B><I>Entry is by permit only. </I><B>| with/without a ~ </B><I>You can't park here without a permit. </I><B>| ~ for </B><I>They applied for a permit for a street demonstration against university fees. </I> </P> </DIV><DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>permit </B><I>verb </I> </P> <P> <U> ADV. </U><B> legally | generally, normally </B><I>Development is not normally permitted in conservation areas. </I> </P> <P> <U> VERB + PERMIT </U><B> refuse to | be designed to </B><I>The bill was designed to permit workers to take up to twelve weeks' unpaid leave annually for family reasons. </I> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
238438merely<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
239439joint<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>joint </B><I>noun </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 1 </SUP> <TT> in the body </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> elbow, hip, knee, etc. | inflamed, painful, rheumatic, stiff, swollen | artificial </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + JOINT </U><B> replace </B><I>He's going to have his hip joint replaced. </I> </P> <P> <U> JOINT + VERB </U><B> ache | move </B><I>The joint should be able to move freely. </I> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> in a/the ~ </B><I>You've got fluid in the joint. </I><B>| ~ between </B><I>the joint between the lower and upper parts of the arm </I> </P> <P> <U> PHRASES </U><B> put sth out of joint </B><I>She fell and put her knee out of joint. </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 2 </SUP> <TT> connecting point </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> airtight, watertight | leaking </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + JOINT </U><B> make, seal </B> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> ~ between </B><I>a joint between two lengths of copper </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 3 </SUP> <TT> piece of meat </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> bacon </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + JOINT </U><B> cook, roast | carve </B> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> ~ of </B><I>a joint of beef/lamb/pork </I> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
240440comprehensive<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>comprehensive </B><I>adj. </I> </P> <P> <U> VERBS </U><B> be </B> </P> <P> <U> ADV. </U><B> extremely, very | fully, totally </B><I>fully comprehensive insurance </I><B>| increasingly | fairly, pretty, quite, reasonably </B><I>The list is fairly comprehensive. </I><B>| truly</B> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
241441alter<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>alter </B><I>verb </I> </P> <P> <U> ADV. </U><B> considerably, dramatically, drastically, fundamentally, greatly, radically, significantly, substantially </B><I>He had not altered greatly in the last ten years. </I><B>| slightly </B> </P> <P> <U> PHRASES </U><B> not alter the fact that </B><I>Unemployment has come down slightly but this does not alter the fact that it is still a major problem. </I> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
242442insight<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>insight </B><I>noun </I> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> considerable, great, real, significant | deep | detailed | brief | good, remarkable </B><I>The objective of the research is to gain a better insight into labour market processes. </I><B>| penetrating, profound, revealing, illuminating | crucial, important, invaluable, valuable | useful | fascinating, interesting | startling | fresh, new | original, unique </B><I>Freud's original insights into the working of the mind </I><B>| rare | clear | basic | direct </B><I>The research will provide direct insight into molecular mechanisms. </I><B>| further | sufficient | individual, personal | critical, historical, theoretical </B> </P> <P> <U> QUANT. </U><B> flash </B><I>With a flash of insight, she found the solution to the problem. </I><B>| degree </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + INSIGHT </U><B> have </B><I>The experienced specialist has professional skills and insight. </I><B>| be lacking in, lack | show | allow (sb), afford (sb), give (sb), offer (sb), provide (sb with), produce, yield | gain, get, obtain | apply </B><I>Teachers have to apply in the classroom the insights that they gain in educational courses. </I> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> ~ about </B><I>Schopenhauer's insight about music </I><B>| ~ into </B><I>a fresh insight into Picasso's mind </I><B>| ~ (as) to </B><I>an insight as to how the gene works </I> </P> <P> <U> PHRASES </U><B> a lack of insight</B> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
243443document<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>document </B><I>noun </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 1 </SUP> <TT> official paper/book </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> important, key, seminal </B><I>one of the key documents in this case </I> | relevant | large, lengthy, long, <B>weighty | brief, short | </B> 10-page, etc. | complete, entire, <B>whole </B><I>This statement must be understood in the context of the entire document. </I><B>| summary | detailed | draft | revised | final | original </B><I>The original document has been lost or destroyed. </I><B>| electronic, paper, printed, written | published, unpublished | enclosed </B><I>Please sign the enclosed document and return it to me. </I><B>| single </B><I>A constitution need not be a single document. </I><B>| classified, confidential, privileged </B><I>(law)</I>, <B>(top) secret | private | public | available </B><I>Documents will be available at the news conference. </I><B>| internal </B><I>details of internal UN documents </I><B>| approved, signed | unsigned | authentic, genuine | forged | disclosed, leaked | government, legal, official | policy, strategy | travel </B><I>Keep your travel documents in a secure place. </I><B>| registration </B><I>a car's registration document </I><B>| contract, offer, tender </B><I>(all business) He has promised to post a formal offer document to shareholders by Monday. </I><B>| briefing | consultation, consultative, discussion, proposal, working </B><I>a working document in the discussions for a final treaty </I><B>| basic, framework | guidance | supporting | (legally) binding </B><I>A document signed abroad is as legally binding as one signed at home. </I><B>| constitutional, contractual | historical </B> </P> <P> <U> QUANT. </U><B> copy </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + DOCUMENT </U><B> draft, draw up, prepare, produce, publish, type, write </B><I>The government has produced an important new policy document. </I><B>| revise | disclose </B><I>(law)</I>, <B>issue </B><I>a consultative document issued by the Department of Trade and Industry </I> <B>| receive | obtain | file </B><I>Copies of the relevant documents must be filed at court. </I><B>| hand over/sb, present, submit </B><I>Supporting documents must be submitted to the supervisory authority. </I><B>| produce </B><I>He was unable to produce the document that he claimed would prove his case. </I><B>| keep | circulate, send (out) | leak </B><I>documents leaked from the government to the press </I><B>| read | go through, read through </B><I>Go through the document checking for errors. </I><B>| search through, sort through </B><I>I had to search through 4,000 documents to find the information I needed. </I><B>| consider, examine, study | accept, adopt, approve, endorse, execute </B><I>(law)</I>, sign </B><I>The conference adopted a document on minority rights. </I><B>| authenticate | forge | refer to | address | attach, enclose </B><I>The relevant documents are enclosed for your information. </I><B>| scan </B><I>Existing paper documents could be scanned into a computer. </I> </P> <P> <U> DOCUMENT + VERB </U><B> be concerned with sth, concern sth, deal with sth, focus on sth, relate to sth | contain sth, cover sth, include sth </B><I>documents covering various points of concern </I><B>| refer to sth | acknowledge sth, describe sth, detail sth, explain sth, indicate sth, list sth, note sth, outline sth, record sth, say sth, set out sth, state sth, tell sb sth </B><I>The document says they are against tax rebates. </I><B>| call for sth, propose sth, suggest sth </B><I>a document calling for a ceasefire </I><B>| aim at sth, envisage sth, seek sth </B><I>documents aimed at stimulating discussion </I><B>| reveal sth, show sth | purport sth </B><I>Documents leaked to this newspaper purport to reveal that radioactive waste is being illegally dumped on the site. </I><B>| summarize sth | confirm sth | be agreed (on/upon) </B><I>a document agreed with the District Council </I><B>| be called sth, be entitled sth, be headed sth, be known as sth </B><I>a document entitled &lsquo;Guidelines for Good Practice&rsquo; </I><B>| be written </B><I>The document is written in Chinese. </I><B>| exist </B><I>No other genuine document exists. </I><B>| date back from/to &hellip; , <B>be dated &hellip; </B><I>documents dating back to the 1920s The document is dated 775. </I> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> according to a/the ~ </B><I>According to leaked cabinet documents, no compensation would be paid. </I><B>| in a/the ~ </B><I>He particularly criticized the terminology in the document. </I><B>| throughout a/the ~ </B><I>There is a disclaimer throughout the official documents. </I><B>| ~ about/concerning </B><I>a document concerning arbitration procedures in Cairo </I><B>| ~ of </B><I>a document of 2,000 words a document of 1999 Her journal is an important document of Victorian rural life </I><B>| ~ on </B><I>a government document on transport policy </I> </P> <P> <U> PHRASES </U><B> a draft/version of a document </B> </P> <P> <SUP> 2 </SUP> <TT> computer file </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> active, current </B><I>Highlight </I>a </B><I>passage in the active documen</I>t </B><I>and click on the print icon. </I>| <B>printed </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + DOCUMENT </U><B> open | close | display </B><I>to display documents o</I>n </B><I>screen </I><B>| retrieve | scroll through </B><I>Scroll through the document usin</I>g </B><I>the slider bar on the right of th</I>e </B><I>window. </I><B>| search </B><I>a software too</I>l </B><I>for searching documents an</I>d </B><I>retrieving information </I><B>| create </B><I>T</I>o </B><I>create a new document, selec</I>t </B><I>New from the File menu. </I><B>| edit | save </B><I>Save the document befor</I>e </B><I>closing. </I><B>| format | spell check | send </B><I>Send and receive document</I>s </B><I>at the click of a button. </I><B>| receive | print (out) </B> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> in a/the ~ </B><I>Cut and paste i</I>s </B><I>used to move text to a new plac</I>e </B><I>in the document</I>. &gt; Special page at COMPUTER </B> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
244444imply<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>imply </B><I>verb </I> </P> <P> <U> ADV. </U><B> clearly, heavily, strongly | simply | generally, normally, usually | automatically | not necessarily </B><I>This does not necessarily imply that children achieve better results in private schools. </I><B>| in no way </B><I>They believe that submission in no way implies inferiority. </I> </P> <P> <U> VERB + IMPLY </U><B> seem to </B><I>The letter seems to imply that the minister knew about the business deals. </I><B>| intend to, mean to </B><I>I never meant to imply any criticism. </I><B>| take sth to </B><I>This statement should not be taken to imply that the government is exonerated of all blame. </I> </P> <P> <U> PHRASES </U><B> express or implied </B><I>the express or implied terms of the contract </I> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
245445absence<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>absence </B><I>noun </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 1 </SUP> <TT> fact of not being present </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> lengthy, long, prolonged | brief, temporary | unauthorized </B> </P> <P> <U> QUANT. </U><B> period, spell </B><I>You will not be paid for the full period of absence. </I> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> during/in sb's ~ </B>(= while sb is not there) <I>My father did all the cooking in my mother's absence. </I><B>| ~ from </B><I>absence from work </I> </P> <P> <U> PHRASES </U><B> conspicuous/notable by your absence </B>(= very obviously absent when you ought to be present) <I>When it came to clearing up afterwards, Anne was conspicuous by her absence. </I><B>| leave of absence </B>(= permission to be absent) <I>He asked for leave of absence from the army. </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 2 </SUP> <TT> lack </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> complete, total | virtual | conspicuous, notable </B><I>a conspicuous absence of evidence </I> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> in the ~ of </B><I>In the absence of stone, most houses in the area are built of wood. </I> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
246446explicitly<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
247447conventional<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>conventional </B><I>adj</I> </P> <P> <U> VERBS </U><B> be, seem </B> </P> <P> <U> ADV. </U><B> highly, very | entirely, quite, strictly | largely | fairly, pretty, rather, relatively, somewhat</B> </P> </DIV><DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>convention </B><I>noun </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 1 </SUP> <TT> way sth is done </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> accepted, established, long-standing, old, traditional, well-established </B><I>It's an established convention that the part of the prince is played by a woman. </I><B>| normal, standard, usual | polite </B><I>Her work refuses any concession to polite conventions of &lsquo;good taste&rsquo;. </I><B>| arbitrary | rigid, strict | cultural, legal, social </B><I>the rigid social conventions of Victorian Britain </I><B>| dramatic, fictional, literary, narrative, operatic, poetic </B><I>The novel refuses to conform to the narrative conventions of 19th century realism. </I><B>| orthographic, punctuation, rhetorical </B> </P> <P> <U> QUANT. </U><B> set </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + CONVENTION </U><B> adhere to, conform to, follow, keep to, observe </B><I>They followed the Greek convention of pinning gifts of money to the bride's dress. </I><B>| be bound by, be hidebound by </B><I>Life with the Leighs was not hidebound by rules or convention. </I><B>| break (with), cut through, defy, flout </B><I>She knew that she had broken an important social convention. He had the freedom of spirit to cut through convention. No young politician can afford to flout convention in this way. </I> </P> <P> <U> CONVENTION + VERB </U><B> demand sth, dictate sth </B><I>Convention dictated that dangerous physical action is the part of heroes, not heroines. </I> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> according to/by ~ </B><I>By convention, the Queen gives the Royal Assent to all measures passed by Parliament. </I> </P> <P> <U> PHRASES </U><B> a break with convention </B><I>In a surprising break with convention, she wore a red wedding dress. </I><B>| a matter of convention </B> </P> <P> <SUP> 2 </SUP> <TT> conference </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> annual | international, national | Democratic, Republican, etc. | careers, constitutional, party, political </B><I>A constitutional convention was elected to try to agree on a new form of government. </I> </P> <P> <U> VERB + CONVENTION </U><B> arrange, have, hold, organize | attend, go to | address </B><I>He addressed the annual Republican convention. </I> </P> <P> <U> CONVENTION + VERB </U><B> take place </B> </P> <P> <U> CONVENTION + NOUN </U><B> centre | delegate</B> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> at a/the ~ </B><I>She was at th</I>e </B><I>Democratic convention</I>. </B> </P> <P> <U> PHRASES </U><B> delegates to a convention </B> </P> <P> <SUP> 3 </SUP> <TT> international agreement </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> global, international | European, UN/United Nations, etc. | climate, human rights, etc. | draft </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + CONVENTION </U><B> adopt, ratify, sign </B><I>Over 60 countries have yet to ratify the climate convention. </I><B>| adhere to, comply with </B><I>Most countries have adhered to the convention. </I><B>| breach </B><I>This practice breaches the arms convention. </I> </P> <P> <U> CONVENTION + VERB </U><B> apply, govern sth </B><I>a convention governing the conditions under which mining is permitted </I><B>| establish sth </B><I>The convention established procedures for the transport of toxic waste. </I><B>| ban sth </B> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> under a/the ~ </B><I>This is forbidden under the European Convention on Human Rights. </I><B>| ~ between </B><I>the 1869 convention between Turkey and Persia </I><B>| ~ for </B><I>the Berne Convention for the Conservation of European Wildlife </I><B>| ~ on </B><I>the 1951 United Nations Convention on refugees </I> </P> <P> <U> PHRASES </U><B> a breach of a convention</B> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
248448index<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>index </B><I>noun </I> </B> </P> <P> <SUP> 1 </SUP> <TT> list of names/topics in a book </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> comprehensive, complete | detailed | general | alphabetical </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + INDEX </U><B> appear in, be in </B><I>Although the book was devoted to cancer, the word &lsquo;cancer&rsquo; did not even appear in the index. </I><B>| consult, look (sth up) in </B><I>Why don't you look up her name in the index? </I><B>| compile </B> </P> <P> <U> INDEX + VERB </U><B> give sth, list sth </B><I>The index only gives the main towns. </I> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> in a/the ~ </B><I>Is there any reference to it in the index? </I><B>| ~ to </B><I>It's a general index to the whole work. </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 2 </SUP> <TT> ordered record of books/files </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> subject, title | card | computer, computerized </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + INDEX </U><B> have, keep </B><I>We keep a card index of all the titles on the shelves. </I><B>| compile, create | consult, look (sth up) in, search </B><I>Look up &lsquo;The Waste Land&rsquo; in the index. Search the index to find the address of the data file. </I> </P> <P> <U> INDEX + NOUN </U><B> card </B> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> in a/the ~ </B><I>cards in a card index </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 3 </SUP> <TT> system showing the level of sth; measure of sth </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> good, reliable, sensitive | high | low | weighted | official | general </B><I>a general index calculated from death and population information </I><B>| world </B><I>The world index fell 3.1%. </I><B>| cost-of-living, market, retail price | futures, share, stock | Dow Jones, FT-SE 100, etc. </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + INDEX </U><B> have </B><I>Those who lived in the inner cities had a high index of deprivation. </I><B>| use (sth as) </B><I>The test results were used as an index of language proficiency. </I><B>| compile, construct, create | calculate, compute </B><I>The index was calculated with a computer. </I><B>| publish </B><I>The retail price index is published monthly. </I><B>| drag, drive, push, take </B><I>A wave of frenzied buying pushed the index up 136.2 points. </I> </P> <P> <U> INDEX + VERB </U><B> measure sth </B><I>an index designed to measure monthly changes in the volume of industrial production </I><B>| be based on sth </B><I>an index based on incidents causing a loss of production </I><B>| be linked to sth </B><I>The increase in our standard rates will be linked to the retail price index. </I><B>| cover sth </B><I>an index covering some 1,700 companies </I><B>| open | close, end </B><I>The hundred shares index closed down 15 points. </I> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> in an/the ~ </B><I>dividends on shares in the index </I><B>| on an/the ~ </B><I>people dealing in options on the FT-SE 100 index </I> </P> <P> <U> PHRASES </U><B> a drop/fall in an index </B><I>a 28.2 point drop in the FT-SE 100 index </I><B>| changes in an index, an increase in an index, as measured by an index </B><I>Inflation, as measured by the retail price index, is expected to drop. </I> <br><a href="#" class="show_hide" id="plus">More information about PER CENT</a> <DIV class="slidingDiv"> <a><I>FINANCIAL:</I></a> <P><B>indicators ~ be down/up </B><I>With the share price down at 234p, it might be time to start buying. The CAC index was up 18.84 points. </I></P> <P><B>~ reach sth, stand at sth </B><I>Consumer confidence reached a 30-year high. Second quarter sales stood at &pound; 18 billion. </I></P> <P><B>~ be/remain unchanged </B><I>The 100 Share Index remained unchanged at 5297. </I></P> <P><B>~ gain (sth) </B><I>The share gained 19 cents to close at 4.38. </I></P> <P><B>~ suffer (sth) </B><I>Profit margins suffered when the company lowered prices to remain competitive. </I></P> <P><B>~ climb, edge up, go up, increase ( ~ increase in value </B>for currencies<B>), jump, rise, rocket, shoot up, skyrocket, soar (</B>+ <I>by, from, to or no preposition</I><B>) </B><I>Earnings per share climbed from 3.5p to 5.1p. The pound has increased in value relative to the euro. Profits have shot up by a staggering 25%. Oil prices have skyrocketed. </I></P> <P><B>~ come/go down, crash, decline, decrease ( ~ decrease in value </B>for currencies<B>), dive, drop, fall, plummet, plunge, shrink, slip, slump (</B>+ <I>by, from, to or no preposition</I><B>) </B><I>Banana exports crashed nearly 50%. The pound fell to a 14-year low against the dollar. Net income plummeted to USD 3.7 million. </I></P> <P></P> </DIV> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
249449nevertheless<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
250450facilitate<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>facilitate </B><I>verb </I> </P> <P> <U> ADV. </U><B> greatly </B><I>The use of computers has greatly facilitated the firm's ability to keep accurate records. </I><B>| further </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + FACILITATE </U><B> be designed to, help (to)</B> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
251451evolution<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>evolution </B><I>noun </I> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> gradual | rapid | continuous | natural | peaceful </B><I>the peaceful evolution to democracy </I><B>| biological, cultural, historical, political, social, technological | animal, human | Darwinian </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + EVOLUTION </U><B> trace </B><I>a book tracing the evolution of the English language </I> </P> <P> <U> EVOLUTION + VERB </U><B> occur, proceed, take place </B><I>Evolution proceeds by a series of small changes. </I> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> ~ from &hellip; to &hellip; </B><I>his evolution from comedian to serious actor </I><B>| ~ towards </B><I>the country's gradual evolution towards democracy </I> </P> <P> <U> PHRASES </U><B> the theory of evolution </B><I>people who reject the theory of evolution </I> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
252452intellectual<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
253453govern<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>govern </B><I>verb </I> </P> <P> <U> ADV. </U><B> well | directly </B><I>The colony was governed directly from Paris. </I> </P> <P> <U> VERB + GOVERN </U><B> be fit/unfit to </B><I>He accused the opposition party of being unfit to govern. </I> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
254454signal<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>signal </B><I>noun </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 1 </SUP> <TT> sign/action/sound that sends a </B>message </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> clear, unmistakable | agreed, pre-arranged | conflicting, confusing, contradictory, mixed | wrong </B><I>Laughing when you should be crying sends out the wrong signals to people. </I><B>| alarm, danger, distress, warning | hand, non-verbal, semaphore, smoke, verbal, visual </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + SIGNAL </U><B> arrange </B><I>He had arranged a signal for the band to begin. </I><B>| give (sb), make, send (out) </B><I>When I give the signal, run! </I> <B>| interpret (sth as), read, see sth as </B><I>The remark was seen as a signal that their government was ready to return to the peace talks. </I> <B>| pick up, respond to </B><I>Interviewers quickly learn to pick up non-verbal signals. </I><B>| act as </B><I>The insect's bright colours act as warning signals to its predators. </I> </P> <P> <U> SIGNAL + VERB </U><B> come from sth </B><I>trying to read the signals coming from the patient </I><B>| indicate sth </B><I>the signals that can indicate danger </I> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> at/on a ~ </B><I>At a pre-arranged signal, everyone started cheering. </I> <B>| ~ for </B><I>She made a signal for the car to stop. </I><B>| ~ from/to </B><I>Wait for the signal from the leader of your group. </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 2 </SUP> <TT> set of lights for drivers </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> railway, traffic </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + SIGNAL </U><B> operate </B> </P> <P> <U> SIGNAL + VERB </U><B> be (on) red/green </B><I>The traffic signals were on red. </I><B>| fail </B> </P> <P> <U> SIGNAL + NOUN </U><B> box | failure </B> </P> <P> <SUP> 3 </SUP> <TT> series of radio waves, chemical messages, etc. </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> faint, weak | strong | high-frequency, low-frequency | acoustic, analogue, audio, chemical, digital, electrical, electronic, light, radar, radio, sonar, sound, television/TV, video, wireless </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + SIGNAL </U><B> carry, pass </B><I>The nerves carry these signals to the brain. </I><B>| convert (sth into), scramble, unscramble </B><I>The signal is scrambled into code before it is sent. </I><B>| emit, generate, send, transmit | detect, pick up, receive, respond to </B><I>This equipment can detect very low frequency signals. </I> </P> <P> <U> SIGNAL + VERB </U><B> travel </B><I>A light signal can travel well over 16km before it halves in intensity. </I><B>| fade </B> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> ~ from </B><I>a faint signal from the satellite </I><B>| ~ to </B> </P> </DIV><DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>signal </B><I>verb </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 1 </SUP> <TT> move your arms to give a signal </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADV. </U><B> frantically, wildly </B><I>She signalled frantically to us. </I> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> for </B><I>He raised his hand and signalled for the waiter. </I><B>| to </B><I>She signalled to the bus driver to stop. </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 2 </SUP> <TT> show/mark sth </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADV. </U><B> clearly </B><I>These changes clearly signal the end of the welfare state as we know it. </I><B>| effectively | not necessarily </B><I>A change of mind in one instance does not necessarily signal a change in overall policy. </I> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
255455passage<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>passage </B><I>noun </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 1 </SUP> <TT> narrow way through </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> long, short | narrow, small | wide | twisting, winding | connecting, side | subterranean, underground | dark, secret </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + PASSAGE </U><B> clear </B><I>to clear a passage for ships through the ice </I><B>| force </B><I>He forced a passage for the singer through the crowd. </I> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> along/down/through a/the~ </B><I>We ran through the dark passage. </I><B>| in/into a/the ~ </B><I>Someone was waiting outside in the passage. </I><B>| ~ between </B><I>the passage between the cottage and the house </I><B>| ~ from </B><I>There is an underground passage from the church to the house. </I><B>| ~ through </B><I>a narrow passage through the bushes </I><B>| ~ to </B> </P> <P> <U> PHRASES </U><B> the end of a passage </B><I>There was a door at the end of the passage. </I><B>| a maze of passages </B><I>the maze of secret passages which wound their way under the building </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 2 </SUP> <TT> tube in the body </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> nasal | back </B>(= rectum) </P> <P> <U> VERB + PASSAGE </U><B> block, obstruct | clear </B> </P> <P> <SUP> 3 </SUP> <TT> extract from a book/speech </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> lengthy, long | short | opening | famous, well-known | descriptive, purple </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + PASSAGE </U><B> quote, read </B> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> in a/the ~ </B><I>There's a lot of slang in this passage. </I><B>| ~ from </B><I>a passage from the Bible </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 4 </SUP> <TT> extract from a piece of music </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> lengthy, long | short | opening | fast, slow | loud | quiet, soft | solo </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + PASSAGE </U><B> play, quote </B><I>In the 15th symphony he quotes a passage from Rossini's &lsquo;William Tell&rsquo; overture. </I> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> in a/the ~ | ~ from </B> </P> <P> <SUP> 5 </SUP> <TT> movement/progress </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> rapid, speedy | slow | safe | smooth | free </B><I>The UN Security Council has demanded free passage for families fleeing from the fighting. </I> </P> <P> <U> VERB + PASSAGE </U><B> deny sb, refuse sb </B> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> ~ across </B><I>the slow passage of a snail across the veranda </I><B>| ~ down </B><I>Steps cut in the hillside give walkers an easy passage down the mountain. </I><B>| ~ from &hellip; to &hellip; </B><I>We are not aware of our passage from consciousness to sleep. </I><B>| ~ into </B><I>Portugal's passage into the next round of the tournament </I><B>| ~ out of </B><I>a safe passage out of the war zone </I><B>| ~ over </B><I>State-of-the-art suspension guarantees a smooth passage over the bumpiest road. </I><B>| ~ through </B><I>They denied him passage through the territory. </I> </P> <P> <U> PHRASES </U><B> the passage of time </B><I>The problems only got worse with the passage of time. </I><B>| a rite of passage </B><I>Marriage is seen as a rite of passage. </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 6 </SUP> <TT> journey by ship </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> long, short | rough, stormy | homeward, outward | sea </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + PASSAGE </U><B> have | book | work </B><I>He worked his passage </I>(= he worked to pay for his journey) </B><I>to Australia. </I> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> during a/the ~ </B><I>During the passage, she taught herself basic Arabic. </I><B>| on sb's/the ~ </B><I>We met him on our outward passage. </I><B>| ~ across </B><I>a rough passage across the Atlantic </I><B>| ~ to </B><I>We had a stormy passage to India. </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 7 </SUP> <TT> of a bill through Parliament </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> smooth | speedy </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + PASSAGE </U><B> begin, complete </B><I>The bill will complete its passage in November. </I> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> during the ~ </B><I>There was much controversy during the passage of the bill. </I><B>| ~ through </B><I>a strategy to ensure the bill's smooth passage through Parliament </I> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
256456discovery<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>discover </B><I>verb </I> </P> <P> <U> ADV. </U><B> quickly, soon </B><I>We soon discovered we'd been mistaken. </I><B>| suddenly | subsequently | eventually </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + DISCOVER </U><B> be amazed to, be astonished to, be astounded to, be a surprise to, be surprised to </B><I>She was surprised to discover he was perfectly capable around the house. </I><B>| be alarmed to, be appalled to, be dismayed to, be horrified to, be a shock to, be shocked to </B><I>It was a terrible shock to discover the full extent of the problem. </I><B>| be delighted to, be fascinated to, be intrigued to | be fascinating to </B><I>It would be fascinating to discover more about the town's history. </I><B>| be difficult to | be possible to | aim to | attempt to, try to </B><I>trying to discover the truth </I><B>| be able/unable to </B> </P> <P> <U> PHRASES </U><B> an attempt to discover sth, newly/recently discovered </B><I>recently discovered evidence </I><B>| only to discover sth </B><I>I arrived at the campsite, only to discover that it was closed for the winter. </I><B>| an opportunity to discover sth, waiting to be discovered </B><I>There's great talent out there just waiting to be discovered. </I> </P> </DIV><DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>discovery </B><I>noun </I> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> amazing, big, exciting, great, important, major, remarkable, significant, startling, surprising, unexpected </B><I>potentially the biggest archaeological discovery in Norway for fifty years </I><B>| awful, chilling, grim, terrible </B><I>the awful discovery that he had been deceiving her </I><B>| latest, new, recent | accidental, chance </B><I>All these were chance discoveries made by scientists engaged in other investigations. </I><B>| archaeological, medical, scientific | personal </B><I>The story tells of a man's journey of personal discovery up an African river. </I> </P> <P> <U> VERB + DISCOVERY </U><B> make </B><I>New scientific discoveries are being made all the time. </I><B>| lead to </B><I>Their work led to some important medical discoveries. </I><B>| await </B><I>There may be many unexpected treasures awaiting discovery. </I> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> ~ by </B><I>a discovery by a French scientist </I><B>| ~ of </B><I>the discovery of oil in the North Sea </I> </P> <P> <U> PHRASES </U><B> a process of discovery, a journey/voyage of discovery </B><I>(figurative) To tour Sri Lanka is to take a voyage of discovery through a land of endless variety. </I> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
257457introduction<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>introduction </B><I>noun </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 1 </SUP> <TT> first use </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> early, gradual, recent, widespread </B> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> ~ into </B><I>the gradual introduction of modern farming methods into traditional societies </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 2 </SUP> <TT> first part of a book/talk </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> brief, short </B><I>He began with a brief introduction. </I> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> in an/the ~ </B><I>His mother is mentioned in the introduction. </I><B>| ~ to </B><I>the introduction to her latest book </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 3 </SUP> <TT> book for studying a subject </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> excellent, general, useful </B><I>It serves as an excellent introduction to 19th-century painting. </I> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> ~ to </B> </P> <P> <SUP> 4 </SUP> <TT> telling people each other's names </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> formal </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + INTRODUCTION </U><B> make </B><I>I can never remember names, so I don't like to make the introductions. </I> </P> <P> <U> PHRASES </U><B> a letter of introduction </B><I>He gave me a letter of introduction to the manager. </I> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
258458boundary<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>boundary </B><I>noun </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 1 </SUP> <TT> line that marks the limits of a place </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> common | northern, southern, etc. | national, state | district, parish </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + BOUNDARY </U><B> have | form, mark </B><I>The river forms the boundary. </I><B>| share | draw, establish, fix, set </B><I>The boundary was fixed just south of the farm. </I><B>| redraw | cross </B><I>We've just crossed the boundary into Sussex. </I><B>| extend </B> </P> <P> <U> BOUNDARY + NOUN </U><B> fence, hedge, line, wall | dispute </B><I>a boundary dispute with their neighbours </I> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> across/over the ~ </B><I>They drove across the boundary. </I><B>| along the ~ </B><I>We continued along the southern boundary of the county. </I><B>| at/on the ~ </B><I>We had to stop at the boundary. on the boundary of the two countries </I><B>| beyond the ~ </B><I>She had never strayed beyond the city boundaries. </I><B>| within the ~s </B><I>within the boundaries of the old city walls </I><B>| ~ between </B><I>the boundary between Sussex and Surrey </I><B>| ~ with </B><I>The state has a boundary with Ontario. </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 2 </SUP> <TT> limit </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> traditional </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + BOUNDARY </U><B> cross </B><I>This job crosses the traditional boundary between social work and health care. </I><B>| extend, push back </B><I>research which extends the boundaries of human knowledge </I><B>| overstep </B> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> across ~s </B><I>His policies appeal across party political boundaries. </I><B>| beyond the ~s </B><I>going beyond the boundaries of accepted behaviour </I><B>| on the ~ </B><I>on the boundary of physics and chemistry </I><B>| within the ~s </B><I>keeping within the boundaries of the law </I><B>| ~ between </B><I>the boundary between sanity and insanity </I> </P> <P> <U> PHRASES </U><B> the boundaries of taste </B><I>In her performance she had clearly overstepped the boundaries of good taste. </I> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
259459gain<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>gain </B><I>noun </I> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> big, considerable, huge, major, real, significant, substantial </B><I>This change in the tax system will mean big gains for some companies. </I><B>| modest, small | long-term, short-term | potential | pre-tax | net, overall </B><I>Labour made an overall gain of 39 seats. </I><B>| ill-gotten </B><I>She tucked her ill-gotten gains into her purse and left. </I><B>| personal, private </B><I>using the investments for their private gain </I><B>| commercial, economic, financial, material </B><I>There will be no financial gain for mothers from this new system. </I><B>| electoral, political </B><I>the far right made huge electoral gains </I><B>| military, territorial | weight </B><I>She was most upset by her recent weight gain. </I><B>| efficiency, productivity </B><I>There is still scope for efficiency gains </I>(= gains to be made by being more efficient)</B><I>. </I> </P> <P> <U> VERB + GAIN </U><B> make | bring (sb) </B><I>Better workplace design can bring real gains in productivity. </I> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> for ~ </B><I>It's amazing what some people will do for gain. </I><B>| ~ from </B>&pound;</B><I>3.9 million gains from the sale of stock </I><B>| ~ in </B><I>Last year there was only a modest gain in earnings. </I> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
260460yield<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>yield </B><I>noun </I> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> good, high </B><I>This method of cultivation produces higher yield. </I><B>| low, poor </B><I>Yields are quite poor this year. </I> </P> <P> <U> VERB + YIELD </U><B> produce</B> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
261461decline<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>decline </B><I>noun </I> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> catastrophic, considerable, dramatic, drastic, massive, marked, precipitate, precipitous, rapid, serious, sharp, significant, steep, substantial | gentle, gradual, modest, slight, slow | continuing, progressive, steady </B><I>a steady decline in manufacturing </I><B>| general, long-term, overall | absolute, inevitable, inexorable, irreversible, terminal </B><I>an industry in terminal decline </I><B>| economic, industrial, moral, political, urban </B><I>the moral decline of the nation </I><B>| national </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + DECLINE </U><B> fall into, go into, suffer </B><I>The cloth trade went into gradual decline. </I><B>| cause, lead to </B><I>The increased gold price lead to the decline of his jewellery business. </I><B>| arrest, halt, stop </B><I>We must halt this decline in health services. </I><B>| prevent | accelerate | see </B><I>We have seen a sharp decline in educational standards over recent years. </I> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> in ~ </B><I>The motor industry is still in decline. </I><B>| on the ~ </B><I>This area has been on the decline for some years now. </I><B>| ~ in </B><I>a steep decline in sales </I><B>| ~ of </B><I>the decline of British farming </I> </P> <P> <U> PHRASES </U><B> the decline and fall of sth </B><I>the decline and fall of a great civilization </I> </P> </DIV><DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>decline </B><I>verb </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 1 </SUP> <TT> refuse </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADV. </U><B> politely | absolutely </B><I>I absolutely decline to discuss my dealings with him or anyone. </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 2 </SUP> <TT> become smaller/weaker </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADV. </U><B> considerably, dramatically, drastically, markedly, sharply, significantly, steeply </B><I>The economy has declined sharply in recent years. </I><B>| a little, slightly | fast, rapidly </B><I>The market for these products is declining fast. </I><B>| steadily | gradually, slowly | further </B> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> by </B><I>Profits declined by 6% this year. </I><B>| from, to </B><I>The number of full-time staff has declined from 300 to just 50. </I> </P> <P> <U> PHRASES </U><B> decline in importance/numbers/size </B><I>This section of the market has slowly declined in importance. </I> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
262462ratio<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>ration </B><I>noun </I> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> daily, monthly | double, entire, extra, full </B><I>Pregnant women received a double ration of milk. </I><B>| meagre </B><I>The refugees queued up for their meagre rations of soup. </I><B>| emergency, short, starvation, wartime ~s </B><I>We've been put on short rations. </I><B>| cigarette, food, petrol, etc. </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + RATION </U><B> give sb, hand out, provide (sb with) | get, receive | consume, have, use up </B><I>You've had your ration of sweets for the day! </I><B>| cut, reduce </B><I>The guards are going to cut our rations again. </I> </P> <P> <U> RATION + NOUN </U><B> book, card, coupon </B> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> on a/the ~ </B><I>living on starvation rations </I><B>| ~ of </B><I>our daily ration of bread </I> </P> </DIV><DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>ratio </B><I>noun </I> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> high, low | male/female, pupil/teacher, etc. | benefit-to-risk, power-to-weight, etc. </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + RATIO </U><B> achieve, have </B><I>They have a high ratio of imports to exports. </I><B>| improve, increase </B><I>The hospital is trying to improve its staff/patient ratio. </I><B>| reduce | calculate, find, work out </B> </P> <P> <U> RATIO + VERB </U><B> improve | worsen </B><I>the worsening pupil/teacher ratio in our schools </I> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> in a/the ~ </B><I>We mixed the oil and water in a ratio of one to five. </I><B>| ~ between </B><I>the ratio between the amount of time spent on the work and the profit produced </I><B>| ~ of sth to sth </B><I>the ratio of house prices to incomes </I> </P> <P> <U> PHRASES </U><B> in direct ratio to sth </B><I>Their sales rose in direct ration to the amount they spent on advertising. </I> </P> </DIV><DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>ration </B><I>verb </I> </P> <P> <U> ADV. </U><B> strictly </B><I>These foods had to be strictly rationed. </I> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> to </B><I>The soldiers were rationed to one litre of water each per day. </I> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
263463strongly<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
264464crucial<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>crucial </B><I>adj. </I> </P> <P> <U> VERBS </U><B> be, prove | become | remain | consider sth, deem sth, regard sth as, see sth as </B> </P> <P> <U> ADV. </U><B> really | absolutely </B><I>It's absolutely crucial that we get this right. </I><B>| fairly, quite | hardly | clearly, obviously </B> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> for </B><I>The talks are crucial for the success of the plan. </I><B>| to </B><I>Secrecy is crucial to this police operation. </I> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
265465settlement<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>settlement </B><I>noun </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 1 </SUP> <TT> agreement </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> early, speedy | final | lasting, long-term | temporary | amicable, friendly, peaceful | just, reasonable, satisfactory | compromise | negotiated | constitutional, diplomatic, financial, political | compensation, divorce, marriage | out-of-court | peace | pay, wage </B><I>Nurses refused to accept a pay settlement less than the rate of inflation. </I><B>| dispute </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + SETTLEMENT </U><B> agree, reach </B><I>Both parties hope to reach an amicable settlement. </I><B>| negotiate, produce </B><I>The union has negotiated a temporary settlement. </I><B>| seek </B><I>Lawyers are seeking an out-of-court settlement. </I><B>| offer </B> </P> <P> <U> PHRASES </U><B> the terms of the settlement </B> </P> <P> <SUP> 2 </SUP> <TT> payment of debt, etc. </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> prompt, speedy | early | full </B><I>full settlement of a debt </I><B>| cash | debt </B> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> in ~ of </B><I>a cheque in settlement of the amount owing </I><B>| under a/the ~ </B><I>a beneficiary under the settlement </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 3 </SUP> <TT> place where people have come to live </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> ancient, early | land | agricultural, rural </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + SETTLEMENT </U><B> establish, found </B><I>The Romans established a settlement on the south shore. </I> </P> <P> <U> SETTLEMENT + VERB </U><B> grow up </B><I>A settlement grew up around the castle. </I> </P> <P> <U> SETTLEMENT + NOUN </U><B> site</B> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
266466resolve<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>resolve </B><I>verb </I> </P> <P> <U> ADV. </U><B> completely, fully </B><I>The matter is not yet fully resolved. </I><B>| successfully | adequately, satisfactorily | amicably, peacefully </B><I>We hope that the dispute can be resolved peacefully. </I><B>| easily, readily | quickly, rapidly, speedily | immediately | eventually, finally, ultimately </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + RESOLVE </U><B> attempt to, take steps to, try to | be unable to, fail to </B><I>The two countries have failed to resolve their differences on this. </I><B>| help (to) | be difficult to </B> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> by/through </B><I>The crisis was finally resolved through high-level negotiations. </I> </P> <P> <U> PHRASES </U><B> an attempt/effort to resolve sth </B><I>They met in a last-ditch attempt to resolve their differences. </I><B>| a means/method/way of resolving sth</B> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
267467distinguish<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>distinguish </B><I>verb </I> </P> <P> <U> ADV. </U><B> clearly, sharply | carefully | easily, readily </B><I>The adult can b</I>e </B><I>readily distinguished by its orang</I>e </B><I>bill</I>. </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + DISTINGUISH </U><B> be able to, can/could | be unable to | be difficult to, be hard to, be impossible to, be possible to | be important to, be necessary to </B><I>It is important to distinguish between cause and effect. </I> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> between </B><I>It is often difficul</I>t </B><I>to distinguish clearly between fac</I>t </B><I>and fiction in this book. </I><B>| from </B><I>She could not distinguish one chil</I>d </B><I>from another</I>. </B> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
268468independence<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>independence </B><I>noun </I> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> considerable, great | complete, full, total | relative </B><I>The council's relative independence of the government means it can negotiate its own agreements. </I><B>| nominal | genuine, real, true | de facto </B><I>Aquitaine's de facto independence from the king of France </I><B>| continued/continuing, growing | hard-won | local, national | academic, economic, editorial, financial, judicial, personal, political, professional </B> </P> <P> <U> QUANT. </U><B> degree, measure </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + INDEPENDENCE </U><B> have </B><I>Young people have more independence these days. </I><B>| lack | enjoy, value </B><I>I value my independence too much to get married. </I><B>| display, show </B><I>She displayed independence of judgement in choosing a career quite different from that of her parents. </I><B>| assert </B><I>Edward III tried to assert his independence of the regime at court. </I><B>| achieve, gain, win </B><I>Mexico achieved independence from Spain in 1821. </I><B>| bring (about) </B><I>the need to bring independence to the country a colonial crisis which brought about independence </I><B>| declare, proclaim | ensure, maintain, preserve, retain, sustain </B><I>The army is committed to ensuring the independence of the country. </I><B>| give up, lose </B><I>She doesn't want to lose her hard-won independence. </I><B>| regain, restore | encourage, promote </B><I>Parents should encourage independence in their children. </I><B>| undermine </B><I>Economic aid tends to undermine the national independence of third world countries. </I><B>| seek | call for, demand | vote for | give sb/sth, grant sb/sth | recognize </B><I>They have agreed to recognize the breakaway republic's independence. </I> </P> <P> <U> INDEPENDENCE + VERB </U><B> come </B><I>Independence came to the British colonial territories in Africa in the late fifties and early sixties. </I> </P> <P> <U> INDEPENDENCE + NOUN </U><B> day | celebrations | movement | struggle </B> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> at ~ </B><I>Namibia became a full member of the UN at independence. </I><B>| ~ from </B><I>independence from Spain </I><B>| ~ of </B><I>the church's independence of the state independence of mind </I> </P> <P> <U> PHRASES </U><B> a declaration of independence, a lack of independence, the loss of independence, a sign/symbol of independence </B><I>The car became a symbol of independence. </I><B>| the struggle for independence, a war of independence </B><I>the American War of Independence </I> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
269469formation<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>formation </B><I>noun </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 1 </SUP> <TT> making/developing sth </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> policy </B><I>the top civil servants who are responsible for policy formation </I> </P> <P> <U> VERB + FORMATION </U><B> lead to, result in </B><I>This dispute led to the formation of a new breakaway group. </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 2 </SUP> <TT> arrangement/group/pattern </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> close, tight | battle </B><I>The troops advanced in battle formation. </I><B>| family, household, social </B><I>changing patterns of marriage and family formation </I> </P> <P> <U> FORMATION + NOUN </U><B> dancing, flying </B> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> in a &hellip; ~ </B><I>The men were grouped in a close formation. </I><B>| in ~ </B><I>a squadron of planes flying in formation </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 3 </SUP> <TT> sth that has been formed </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> cloud, geological, rock | military, political</B> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
270470transmission<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>transmission </B><I>noun </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 1 </SUP> <TT> sending out/passing on </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> direct, indirect | one-way </B><I>Classes are based on discussion rather than on the one-way transmission of knowledge. </I><B>| onward, outward </B><I>An extra copy of each document was supplied for onward transmission to head office. </I><B>| data, information, voice | facsimile/fax | light, power | money | gas | cable, radio, satellite, television | analogue, digital | live, simultaneous </B><I>There will be simultaneous transmission of the concert on TV and radio. </I><B>| genetic, oral, person-to-person, sexual | herpes, HIV, malaria | cultural </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + TRANSMISSION </U><B> prevent </B> </P> <P> <U> TRANSMISSION + NOUN </U><B> equipment, line, technology | mechanism, network, system | route </B><I>The virus's usual transmission route is by sneezing. </I> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> ~ among </B><I>HIV transmission among homosexual men </I><B>| ~ between </B><I>transmission between patients </I><B>| ~ by </B><I>transmission by satellite </I><B>| ~ from, ~ to </B><I>transmission from one aircraft to another </I><B>| ~ through </B><I>HIV transmission through blood transfusion </I> </P> <P> <U> PHRASES </U><B> a mode of transmission, a risk of transmission </B><I>There is a risk of transmission of the virus between hypodermic users. </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 2 </SUP> <TT> TV/radio programme </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> radio, television/TV | FM, long-wave, medium-wave, short-wave, UHF, VHF | live, satellite, stereo | test </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + TRANSMISSION </U><B> receive </B> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> ~ from </B><I>a live transmission from Sydney </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 3 </SUP> <TT> in a car, etc. </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> automatic, manual | 4-speed, 5-speed </B> </P> <P> <U> TRANSMISSION + NOUN </U><B> system</B> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
271471shape<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>shaped </B><I>adj. </I> </P> <P> <U> VERBS </U><B> be </B> </P> <P> <U> ADV. </U><B> beautifully, perfectly </B><I>her beautifully shaped mouth </I><B>| grotesquely | irregularly | awkwardly </B><I>All the rooms in the house were awkwardly shaped. </I><B>| curiously, oddly, strangely </B><I>an oddly shaped parcel </I><B>| specially </B><I>You can buy specially shaped bricks for an arch. </I> </P> <P> <U> PHRASES </U><B> be shaped like sth </B><I>curious vases shaped like birds and animals </I> </P> </DIV><DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>shape </B><I>noun </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 1 </SUP> <TT> physical outline </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> basic, simple </B><I>The children cut the paper into various simple shapes. </I><B>| characteristic, distinctive </B><I>I recognized the distinctive shape of a Boeing-747. </I><B>| curious, interesting, unusual, weird | awkward </B><I>The desk was an awkward shape and wouldn't fit through the door. </I><B>| original | geometric/geometrical, regular, symmetrical | complex | asymmetrical, irregular | odd, random </B><I>tiles of random shape </I><B>| solid, three-dimensional | aerodynamic | angular, arch, circular, cone/conical, cylindrical, diamond, dome, egg, elliptical, elongated, hemispherical, hexagonal, oblong, pentagonal, pointed, pyramid/pyramidal, rectangular, round, spherical, triangular, wedge | rounded, smooth | arrow, banana, cross, pear, star, T, etc. </B><I>The road forms an L shape. The bruise was a sort of mushroom shape. </I><B>| blurred, ghostly, shadowy, vague | huge, massive | black, dark, grey | human | body </B><I>You can't change your natural body shape. </I> </P> <P> <U> VERB + SHAPE </U><B> cut out, draw, make, trace </B><I>First draw the rough shape of your chosen animal. Fold the paper to make the shape of a cone. </I><B>| cut sth into, make sth in, produce sth in </B><I>a cheese similar to Brie but produced in a different shape </I><B>| come in, have </B><I>Tables come in various shapes. </I><B>| assume, make, take on </B><I>Ordinary things assumed different shapes in the mist. </I><B>| keep, retain </B><I>These garments will retain their shape even with repeated washing. </I><B>| regain | change | lose | distort </B><I>The wide-angle lens distorts shapes. </I><B>| distinguish, make out, see </B><I>I could just make out the shapes of animals in the field. </I> </P> <P> <U> SHAPE + VERB </U><B> appear, emerge, loom </B><I>Ghostly shapes loomed out of the fog. </I> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> in the ~ of </B><I>a doormat in the shape of a cat </I> </P> <P> <U> PHRASES </U><B> out of shape </B><I>The bicycle had been battered out of shape. </I><B>| oblong/rectangular/hexagonal, etc. in shape </B><I>The island is roughly circular in shape. </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 2 </SUP> <TT> structure/nature of sth </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> general | changing | final | future </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + SHAPE </U><B> alter, change, determine, influence </B><I>He did much to determine the shape of Europe's political map at that time. </I><B>| take </B><I>A wonderful idea began to take shape in her brain. </I><B>| give </B><I>the words we use to give a shape to our feelings </I> </P> <P> <U> PHRASES </U><B> in any shape or form </B><I>I can't stand insects in any shape or form. </I><B>| the shape of things to come </B><I>This revolutionary transport system could be the shape of things to come. </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 3 </SUP> <TT> good or bad condition </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> fine, good, great | bad, poor | physical </B><I>He's 64, but he's in better physical shape than I am. </I> </P> <P> <U> VERB + SHAPE </U><B> get sb/sth into, knock/lick/whip sb/sth into </B><I>Get your body into shape for the summer! Leave the boy with me?I'll soon knock him into shape! </I><B>| be in, keep in, stay in </B><I>You are in pretty good shape for your age. She likes to stay in shape. </I><B>| be out of</B> </P> </DIV><DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>shape </B><I>verb </I> </P> <P> <U> ADV. </U><B> profoundly </B><I>Memory can be profoundly shaped by subsequent experience. </I><B>| largely | actively, deliberately </B><I>actively shaping the history of their country </I> </P> <P> <U> VERB + SHAPE </U><B> help (to) </B> </P> <P> <U> PHRASES </U><B> a part/role in shaping sth</B> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
272472racial<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
273473detect<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>detect </B><I>verb </I> </P> <P> <U> ADV. </U><B> early, late </B><I>A lot of cancers can now be cured if they are detected early. </I><B>| quickly | easily, readily </B><I>Some substances can be detected fairly easily. </I><B>| accurately </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + DETECT </U><B> be able to, be sensitive enough to, can </B><I>a machine that is sensitive enough to detect tiny amounts of explosives </I><B>| be unable to | be designed to | fail to </B><I>The test failed to detect any illegal substances. </I><B>| be difficult to, be hard to, be impossible to | be easy to, be possible to | be used to </B> </P> <P> <U> PHRASES </U><B> be capable of detecting sth, a means/method/way of detecting sth</B> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
274474poverty<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>poverty </B><I>noun </I> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> abject, absolute, extreme, grinding, severe | widespread | rural, urban </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + POVERTY </U><B> alleviate, combat, reduce | eliminate, eradicate </B><I>hoping to eradicate urban poverty </I> </P> <P> <U> POVERTY + NOUN </U><B> trap </B><I>Caught in the poverty trap, they are unable to save money for business ventures. </I> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> in ~ </B><I>Most of the population lives in grinding poverty. </I><B>| ~ among </B><I>the true extent of poverty among the unemployed </I><B>| ~ of </B><I>His work displays a poverty of imagination. </I> </P> <P> <U> PHRASES </U><B> below/on the poverty line </B><I>families living on incomes below the poverty line </I> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
275475intention<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>intention </B><I>noun </I> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> original </B><I>My original intention was to study all morning, but this turned out to be impractical. </I><B>| declared, stated | firm | general | deliberate </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + INTENTION </U><B> have </B><I>I have no intention of changing jobs. </I><B>| announce, declare, state </B><I>The council has announced its intention to crack down on parking offences. </I> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> with a/the ~ of </B><I>I went to the bank with the intention of getting some traveller's cheques. </I><B>| ~ behind </B><I>The general intention behind the project is a good one. </I><B>| ~ by </B><I>The intention by the local authority to build 2,000 new houses is unrealistic. </I><B>| ~ in </B><I>His intention in inviting us to dinner was to persuade us to back his project. </I> </P> <P> <U> PHRASES </U><B> good/the best intentions </B><I>It was done with the best intentions, I assure you </I><B>| have every/no intention of doing sth </B><I>We have every intention of winning the next election. </I><B>| make your intention clear </B><I>He didn't make his intentions clear in his letter. </I> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
276476mutual<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
277477evolve<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>evolve </B><I>verb </I> </P> <P> <U> ADV. </U><B> gradually, slowly | rapidly | eventually </B><I>the theory which eventually evolved from this study </I><B>| constantly, continually | naturally | independently, separately </B><I>Monkeys in the New World evolved quite separately from those in the Old World. </I> </P> <P> <U> VERB + EVOLVE </U><B> continue to </B> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> from </B><I>More complex animals gradually evolved from these very simple creatures. </I><B>| into </B><I>The protest movement has evolved into a well organized political party. </I> </P> <P> <U> PHRASES </U><B> fully/highly evolved </B><I>These are very highly evolved animals. </I> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
278478shift<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>shift </B><I>noun </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 1 </SUP> <TT> change </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> distinct, dramatic, fundamental, major, marked, profound, pronounced, radical, significant, substantial | discernible | slight, subtle | gradual | abrupt, sudden | decisive, irreversible, long-term | climate, cultural, demographic, ideological, policy, population </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + SHIFT </U><B> be, represent </B><I>These proposals represent a dramatic shift in policy. </I><B>| bring about, cause, lead to, produce, result in | mark, see </B><I>The moment marked a significant shift in attitudes to the war. </I><B>| detect </B><I>I detected a subtle shift towards our point of view. </I><B>| explain </B><I>one factor which may explain the president's policy shift </I> </P> <P> <U> SHIFT + VERB </U><B> occur, take place </B><I>These climate shifts occurred over less than a decade. </I> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> ~ between </B><I>the many shifts between verse and prose that occur in Shakespeare </I><B>| ~ (away) from </B><I>the shift away from direct taxation </I><B>| ~ in </B><I>a shift in public opinion </I><B>| ~ to </B><I>a sudden shift to the right in British politics </I><B>| ~ towards </B><I>a shift towards part-time farming </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 2 </SUP> <TT> division of the working day </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> double, long, split </B><I>I agreed to work double shifts for a few weeks. </I><B>| day, early, late, night | eight-hour, ten-hour, etc. | afternoon, evening, morning, weekend </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + SHIFT </U><B> be/come/go on, do, work (in) ~s </B><I>I'm doing the early shift this week. I didn't realize that I'd have to work shifts. The clinic is staffed by ten doctors who work in shifts. </I><B>| change (your) ~s </B><I>It was 8.00 a.m. and the nurses were changing shifts. My husband has changed his shifts, from the afternoon shift to the night one. </I><B>| be/go/come off </B> </P> <P> <U> SHIFT + NOUN </U><B> work | supervisor, manager, worker | pattern, system </B><I>They'd altered his shift pattern twice in the past fortnight. </I> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> on a/the ~ </B><I>a decision for the chief nurse on each shift </I> </P> </DIV><DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>shift </B><I>verb </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 1 </SUP> <TT> move </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADV. </U><B> slightly </B><I>Julie shifted her position slightly and smiled. </I><B>| impatiently, restlessly, uncomfortably, uneasily </B><I>She shifted uncomfortably in her chair. </I><B>| away </B> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> from </B><I>She shifted her gaze away from the group of tourists. </I><B>| onto </B><I>He shifted his weight onto his left foot. </I><B>| to </B><I>Her eyes shifted to his face. </I> </P> <P> <U> PHRASES </U><B> shift from foot to foot </B> </P> <P> <SUP> 2 </SUP> <TT> change </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADV. </U><B> dramatically, markedly </B><I>The emphasis has shifted markedly in recent years. </I><B>| slightly | effectively | simply </B><I>We cannot simply shift the responsibility onto someone else. </I><B>| gradually, slowly | rapidly | suddenly | constantly, continually </B><I>constantly shifting alliances </I> </P> <P> <U> VERB + SHIFT </U><B> attempt to, try to </B><I>trying to shift the blame onto the government </I><B>| tend to | begin to </B> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> (away) from </B><I>I felt the advantage had suddenly shifted away from us. </I><B>| onto, to </B><I>His sympathies rapidly shifted to the side of the workers. </I><B>| towards </B><I>These changes will shift the balance in higher education more towards science subjects. </I> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
279479progressive<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>progressive </B><I>adj. </I> </P> <P> <U> VERBS </U><B> be </B> </P> <P> <U> ADV. </U><B> highly, very </B><I>highly progressive in outlook </I><B>| relatively | politically</B> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
280480flexibility<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>flexibility </B><I>noun </I> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> considerable, enormous, great | added, additional, extra, increased, more | maximum, total | enough, sufficient | financial </B> </P> <P> <U> QUANT. </U><B> degree </B><I>Police work involves a considerable degree of flexibility and discretion. </I> </P> <P> <U> VERB + FLEXIBILITY </U><B> have </B><I>You have considerable flexibility in this job and can choose how to do things. </I><B>| show | obtain </B><I>Flexibility of labour was obtained through the break up of old trade union structures. </I><B>| maintain, retain | restore </B><I>She had physiotherapy to restore the flexibility of her muscles. </I><B>| bring (sb/sth), give (sb/sth), introduce, provide (sb/sth with) </B><I>The new range of machines will bring flexibility to your business computing. </I><B>| allow (sb/sth), allow for, offer (sb/sth), permit (sb/sth) </B><I>The courses are designed to allow maximum flexibility. </I><B>| build, create </B><I>reforms to build flexibility into the system </I><B>| enhance, improve, increase | encourage </B><I>an initiative to encourage greater flexibility in teaching and learning </I><B>| reduce | need, require </B> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> ~ in </B><I>This will give schools greater flexibility in their use of resources. </I><B>| ~ over </B><I>flexibility over the deadline </I> </P> <P> <U> PHRASES </U><B> a need for flexibility </B><I>There is a need for greater flexibility in the way the network is managed. </I> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
281481domain<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>domain </B><I>noun </I> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> private, public | Internet </B> </P> <P> <U> DOMAIN + NOUN </U><B> name </B><I>Register a domain name if you want people to find your website. </I><B>| registration </B> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> in a/the ~, within a/the ~ </B><I>This information is all in the public domain. </I><B>| outside a/the ~ </B><I>things that happen outside the domain of the home </I> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
282482profession<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>professional </B><I>adj. </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 1 </SUP> <TT> connected with a job </TT> </P> <P> <U> VERBS </U><B> be </B> </P> <P> <U> ADV. </U><B> purely, strictly </B><I>He insisted that his relationship with the duchess was purely professional. </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 2 </SUP> <TT> extremely skilled </TT> </P> <P> <U> VERBS </U><B> be, look </B><I>Their designs look very professional. </I> </P> <P> <U> ADV. </U><B> extremely, highly, really, truly, very </B><I>He dealt with the problem in a highly professional way. </I><B>| thoroughly | increasingly | almost | quite, rather </B> </P> <P> <SUP> 3 </SUP> <TT> done as a paid job, not a hobby </TT> </P> <P> <U> VERBS </U><B> be | become, turn </B> </P> <P> <U> ADV. </U><B> fully </B><I>He wants to turn fully professional. </I> </P> </DIV><DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>professional </B><I>noun </I> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> committed, dedicated, experienced | real, true </B><I>This is the work of a real professional. </I><B>| leading, senior, top </B><I>a top golf professional </I><B>| independent </B><I>The survey should be performed by an independent professional. </I><B>| fellow </B><I>an actor revered by his fellow professionals </I><B>| computer, health (care), medical | golf, tennis, etc. </B> <br><a href="#" class="show_hide" id="plus">More information about PROFESSIONAL</a> <DIV class="slidingDiv"> <a><I>PROFESSIONAL:</I></a> <P><B>be, practise as ~ </B><I>to practise as a consulting engineer </I></P> <P><B>act as ~ </B><I>She is acting as architect on this project. </I></P> <P><B>have ~ </B><I>The group does not have an internal auditor. </I></P> <P><B>need ~ </B><I>We need an engineer to design us something better. </I></P> <P><B>find ~ </B><I>It pays to find a good accountant. </I></P> <P><B>appoint, appoint sb (as), engage, get, instruct ~ </B><I>Appoint a solictor to act on your behalf. </I></P> <P><B>consult (with), get/take advice from, go to, see, speak to, talk to ~ </B><I>I demand to speak to my lawyer! </I></P> <P>an advocate, barrister, lawyer, solicitor <B>acts for/defends/represents sb </B><I>an in-house lawyer acting for a major company </I></P> <P><B>advise sb/sth ~ </B><I>His accountant has advised him to close down his business. </I></P> <P></P> </DIV> </P> </DIV><DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>profession </B><I>noun </I> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> chosen | legal, medical, teaching, etc. </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + PROFESSION </U><B> practise </B><I>In the 1930s he was forbidden to practise his profession. </I><B>| enter, go into, join </B><I>She entered the legal profession after university. </I> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> by ~ </B><I>He was a consultant physician by profession. </I><B>| in a/sb's/the ~ </B><I>making an impact in her chosen profession </I> </P> <P> <U> PHRASES </U><B> a choice of profession </B><I>She was shocked at her daughter's choice of profession. </I><B>| the top of sb's profession </B><I>He reached the top of his profession in very little time. </I> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
283483apparent<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>apparent </B><I>adj. </I> </P> <P> <U> VERBS </U><B> be, seem | become </B><I>It soon became apparent that the company was losing money. </I><B>| make sth </B><I>He made it apparent that he was very annoyed. </I> </P> <P> <U> ADV. </U><B> glaringly, strongly, very | fully, quite | increasingly | all too </B><I>His unhappiness was all too apparent. </I><B>| quickly, soon | immediately, instantly </B><I>The extent of their injuries was not immediately apparent. </I><B>| easily, readily | clearly | painfully </B><I>Local suspicion of the incomers was painfully apparent. </I> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> to </B><I>His lack of experience was quite apparent to everyone. </I> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
284484coordinate<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>coordinate </B><I>verb </I> </P> <P> <U> ADV. </U><B> carefully </B><I>a carefully coordinated policy </I> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> with </B><I>We try to coordinate our activities with those of other groups. </I> </P> <P> <U> PHRASES </U><B> a coordinated approach/policy/programme</B> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
285485constrain<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>constraint </B><I>noun </I> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> important, major | severe, tight </B><I>The government has placed tight constraints on spending this year. </I><B>| budget, financial </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + CONSTRAINT </U><B> impose, place, put | remove </B> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> within a/the ~ </B><I>We have to work within severe constraints. </I><B>| without ~ </B><I>I felt free to speak to her without constraint. </I><B>| ~ on/upon </B><I>There are major financial constraints on all schools. </I> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
286486assign<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
287487asia<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
288488electronic<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>electronics </B><I>noun </I> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> high-tech, state-of-the-art | consumer, defence, medical </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + ELECTRONICS </U><B> work in </B><I>About 45,000 people worked in electronics in Scotland. </I> </P> <P> <U> ELECTRONICS + NOUN </U><B> company, firm, giant, group </B><I>Their firm merged with a Japanese electronics giant. </I><B>| industry, manufacturer | market, sector | product | engineer, specialist </B> <br><a href="#" class="show_hide" id="plus">More information about SUBJECT</a> <DIV class="slidingDiv"> <a><I>SUBJECT:</I></a> <P><B>of study do, read, study ~ do ~ </B>is more commonly used with school subjects (but may also be used with university subjects): <I>She did maths, physics and chemistry at school. </I></P> <P><B>study ~ </B>is used with both school and university subjects: <I>He studied German at school. She went on to study mathematics at university. </I></P> <P><B>read ~</B>is only used with university subjects and is quite formal: <I>She was educated privately and at Pembroke College, where she read classics. </I></P> <P><B>lecture in, teach ~ </B><I>He taught music at a school in Edinburgh. </I></P> <P>Other verbs used with <I>subject</I> can also be used with particular subjects of study: <I>Half the students take geography at A level. We offer accounting as a subsidiary course. </I></P> <P><B>~ degree, a degree/diploma in ~ </B><I>a law degree a higher diploma in fine art </I></P> <P><B>~ class, course, lecture, lesson </B><I>The genetics lectures are on a different campus. </I></P> <P><B>~ department, a/the department of ~ </B><I>All enquiries should be made to the Department of Architecture. </I></P> <P><B>~ graduate, student, undergraduate </B><I>Some architecture graduates gain further qualifications in specialist fields. </I></P> <P><B>~ lecturer, teacher, tutor </B><I>He's an English teacher at Highland Road School. </I></P> <P><B>~ professor, (a) professor of ~ </B><I>She's professor of linguistics at the University of Wales. </I></P> <P><B>the study of ~ </B><I>The study of philosophy helps you to think critically. </I></P> <P><B>in ~ </B><I>He got As in history and art. </I></P> <P></P> </DIV> (for more verbs and nouns) </B> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
289489exception<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>exception </B><I>noun </I> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> conspicuous, important, major, notable, obvious, significant, striking </B><I>Most industries have suffered badly in the recession, but there have been a few notable exceptions. </I><B>| minor, rare | honourable </B><I>With a few honourable exceptions, MPs kept quiet about the corruption. </I> </P> <P> <U> VERB + EXCEPTION </U><B> make </B><I>No parking is allowed, but an exception is made for disabled drivers. </I> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> with the ~ of </B><I>The whole of the island was flooded with the exception of a small area in the north. </I><B>| without ~ </B><I>Without exception, all employees must carry their identity card with them at all times. </I><B>| ~ to </B><I>Guide dogs are the one exception to the store's ban on dogs. </I> </P> <P> <U> PHRASES </U><B> be no exception </B><I>The weather had been rainy for days, and the day of the race was no exception. </I><B>| be the exception rather than the rule </B><I>Nowadays a job for life is very much the exception rather than the rule. </I><B>| be the exception to the rule </B><I>Most of his family are sports enthusiasts, but he's the exception to the rule. </I> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
290490visible<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>visible </B><I>adj. </I> </P> <P> <U> VERBS </U><B> be | become | remain, stay </B><I>The scars remained visible all her life. </I><B>| leave sth, make sth </B><I>We cut the trees down to make the lake visible from the house. </I> </P> <P> <U> ADV. </U><B> all too, clearly, easily, highly, obviously, particularly, plainly, readily, very </B><I>His relief was all too visible. The election poster was clearly visible from the street. Italy has a highly visible environmental movement. </I><B>| fully, quite </B><I>The sea was now out, leaving the wreck fully visible. Ellie's quite visible embarrassment </I><B>| just </B><I>The mountains were just visible, dusky and black. </I><B>| barely, hardly, scarcely </B><I>The low, flat boats were barely visible. </I><B>| almost | half, partially </B><I>She stood, half visible in the dim light. </I><B>| dimly, faintly </B><I>A figure was dimly visible in the evening gloom. </I><B>| externally | immediately </B><I>Women are advised to wait where they are not immediately visible to approaching traffic. </I><B>| still | no longer </B> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> to </B><I>Its contents were visible to all of them. </I> </P> <P> <U> PHRASES </U><B> visible to the naked eye </B><I>tiny spiders that are hardly visible to the naked eye </I> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
291491norm<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>norm </B><I>noun </I> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> accepted, established | ethical, moral | cultural, social | statistical | community, family, group </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + NORM </U><B> conform to </B><I>Their behaviour conforms to the group norm. </I><B>| break, challenge | deviate from, differ from </B> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> above the ~, below the ~, over the ~ </B><I>They want to discourage pay settlements over the norm. </I><B>| ~ for </B><I>On-screen editing has become the norm for all student work. </I><B>| ~ of </B><I>accepted norms of behaviour </I> </P> <P> <U> PHRASES </U><B> a deviation/departure from the norm, an exception to the norm, the norm rather than the exception </B><I>In the inner-city areas, poverty is the norm rather than the exception. </I> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
292492adjust<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>adjust </B><I>verb </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 1 </SUP> <TT> change sth slightly </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADV. </U><B> slightly | finely </B><I>It is important to have equipment that can be finely adjusted. </I><B>| automatically | carefully | accordingly </B><I>Children are sensitive to disapproval and adjust their behaviour accordingly. </I><B>| downwards, upwards </B><I>This estimate may have to be adjusted downwards. </I> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> for </B><I>Salaries are adjusted for inflation. </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 2 </SUP> <TT> get used to new situation </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADV. </U><B> quickly, rapidly | gradually, slowly </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + ADJUST </U><B> be difficult/hard to </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + ADJUST </U><B> need/take time to </B><I>It may take a little time to adjust to the climate here. </I> </P> <P> <U> VERB + ADJUST </U><B> try to </B> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> to </B><I>She will gradually adjust to her new role. </I> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
293493consumption<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>consumption </B><I>noun </I> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> heavy, high </B><I>the country with the highest fuel consumption in the world </I><B>| low | average | overall, total | excessive | conspicuous </B>(= buying expensive goods in order to impress people and show how rich you are) <B>| annual, daily </B><I>Annual consumption of wine has risen from five to eleven litres per head. </I><B>| per capita | domestic, local, home </B><I>It is important that the recovery be export-led rather than led by domestic consumption. Half the small crop was kept for home consumption. </I><B>| foreign, world | household | individual, personal | mass | public | private | future </B><I>households that save for future consumption </I><B>| alcohol, beer, cigarette, food, meat, tobacco, water | electricity, energy, fuel, gas, oil, petrol, power </B> </P> <P> <U> QUANT. </U><B> level </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + CONSUMPTION </U><B> boost, encourage, increase, stimulate </B><I>Doctors say that children need to increase their consumption of fruit and vegetables. The industry faced a serious challenge in trying to stimulate consumption. </I><B>| cut down, reduce </B><I>You need to reduce your alcohol consumption. </I> </P> <P> <U> CONSUMPTION + VERB </U><B> go up, increase, rise | decline, decrease, fall, go down </B> </P> <P> <U> CONSUMPTION + NOUN </U><B> expenditure, spending | figures, levels | habits, patterns </B> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> for sb's ~ </B>(= intended to be read or heard by sb) <I>The documents were for the committee rather than for public consumption. </I> </P> <P> <U> PHRASES </U><B> fit/unfit for human consumption </B>(= safe/not safe to be eaten) <I>meat that is unfit for human consumption </I> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
294494symbol<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>symbol </B><I>noun </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 1 </SUP> <TT> image/object/event that is a sign of sth </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> clear, dramatic, perfect, potent, powerful, supreme, ultimate </B><I>The Berlin wall was the supreme symbol of the Cold War. </I><B>| universal </B><I>The dove is a universal symbol of peace. </I><B>| outward, physical, visual </B><I>The company car is an outward symbol of the employee's status. </I><B>| ancient, traditional | national | cultural, military, political | divine, religious, sacred | Christian, Hindu, etc. | fertility, phallic, sexual, virility </B><I>The villagers took fertility symbols into the fields to ensure a good harvest. </I><B>| sex </B>(= a person famous for being attractive) <I>He is not most people's idea of a sex symbol. </I><B>| status </B><I>A stressful job can actually be a status symbol. </I> </P> <P> <U> VERB + SYMBOL </U><B> adopt sth as, regard sth as, see sth as, use sth as </B><I>Eggs are seen as the symbol of new life. </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 2 </SUP> <TT> letter/sign that has a particular meaning </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> identifying </B><I>All GM products carry an identifying symbol. </I><B>| abstract, geometric, geometrical | graphic, written | chemical, Chinese, linguistic, mathematical, musical, phonemic, phonetic, punctuation </B><I>A list of phonetic symbols is given in the front of the dictionary. </I> </P> <P> <U> VERB + SYMBOL </U><B> bear, be marked with, have </B><I>The coin bears a Jewish symbol. The bottle had a skull and crossbones symbol on it. </I><B>| display, show, use </B><I>Hotels that show this symbol offer activities for children. </I><B>| look out for, see </B><I>Always look out for the special ABTA symbol at your travel agent's. You can use your tokens wherever you see this symbol. </I><B>| decipher, interpret, understand </B> </P> <P> <U> SYMBOL + VERB </U><B> denote sth, indicate sth, mean sth, represent sth </B><I>What does this little symbol mean? </I> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> in ~s </B><I>a message written in symbols </I><B>| ~ for </B><I>O is the chemical symbol for oxygen. </I> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
295495dominant<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>dominant </B><I>adj. </I> </P> <P> <U> VERBS </U><B> be, seem | become | remain </B> </P> <P> <U> ADV. </U><B> extremely, very | completely, overwhelmingly, totally | increasingly | fairly, relatively | economically, politically, socially </B><I>the economically dominant class </I> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
296496barrier<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>barrier </B><I>noun </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 1 </SUP> <TT> fence/gate </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> physical | crash, crush, flood, police, protective, security, ticket | sound </B><I>(figurative) the first plane to break the sound barrier </I> </P> <P> <U> VERB + BARRIER </U><B> build, erect, install | break through </B><I>The crowd managed to break through the barriers and get onto the pitch. </I> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> at a/the ~ </B><I>Please show your ticket at the barrier. </I><B>| behind a/the ~ </B><I>The police waited behind the barriers. </I><B>| through a/the ~ </B><I>There was a slow trickle of people through the barriers. </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 2 </SUP> <TT> thing that causes problems </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> effective, formidable, major | class, cultural, language, racial, trade </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + BARRIER </U><B> build, create, erect, put up, set up </B><I>The old laws created barriers to free trade. </I><B>| break down, lift, lower, reduce, remove | cross </B><I>They believe that sport can cross any barriers. </I><B>| be faced with, encounter, face | overcome, transcend </B> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> ~ against </B><I>The country has set up barriers against imports. </I><B>| ~ between </B><I>a class barrier between the two families </I><B>| ~ to </B><I>a formidable barrier to communication </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 3 </SUP> <TT> physical object that prevents sb/sth passing </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> impassable, impenetrable | natural </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + BARRIER </U><B> form </B> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> ~ between </B><I>The mountains form a natural barrier between the two countries. </I> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
297497motor<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>motor </B><I>noun </I> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> large, powerful | small | diesel, electric | outboard </B><I>a boat with a powerful outboard motor </I> </P> <P> <U> VERB + MOTOR </U><B> start, turn on | turn off </B> </P> <P> <U> MOTOR + VERB </U><B> run, work </B><I>He left the motor running. </I><B>| drive sth </B><I>A powerful motor drives the mill wheel. </I> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
298498entry<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>entry </B><I>noun </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 1 </SUP> <TT> right to enter sth </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> free </B><I>The club offers free entry to women on Thursdays. </I><B>| school, university </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + ENTRY </U><B> apply for | gain | allow sb, grant sb </B><I>They were later allowed entry into the country. </I><B>| refuse sb, restrict </B><I>It has been necessary to restrict entry into the club. </I><B>| guarantee sb </B> </P> <P> <U> ENTRY + NOUN </U><B> criteria, qualifications, requirements, standard | visa | ticket </B><I>Entry tickets to most attractions are included in the price of the holiday. </I> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> ~ into </B><I>These qualifications will not guarantee you entry into the police force. </I><B>| ~ to </B><I>She applied for entry to Nottingham University. </I> </P> <P> <U> PHRASES </U><B> right of entry </B><I>The landlord had the right of entry to the flat with due warning. </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 2 </SUP> <TT> act of coming in </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> forced, forcible </B><I>The house was quiet, and there were no signs of a forced entry. </I><B>| unauthorized </B><I>The sign on the gates read &lsquo;No Unauthorized Entry&rsquo;. </I><B>| illegal | dramatic | triumphal </B><I>Caesar's triumphal entry into Rome </I> </P> <P> <U> VERB + ENTRY </U><B> force, gain </B><I>He found the door locked, but he forced an entry. </I><B>| make </B><I>The champion made his usual dramatic entry into the arena. </I> </P> <P> <U> ENTRY + NOUN </U><B> point </B><I>Drugs are believed to come into the country through five main entry points. </I> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> ~ into </B><I>Hungary's entry into the EU </I><B>| ~ to </B><I>She wondered how she could gain entry to the building. </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 3 </SUP> <TT> sb/sth that enters a competition </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> winning </B><I>The winning entry will be published in next month's issue. </I> </P> <P> <U> VERB + ENTRY </U><B> post, send (in) </B><I>Send in your entry as soon as possible! </I><B>| attract, get, have, receive </B><I>The show attracted entries from all over the country. We have had a lot of entries this year. </I><B>| judge </B> </P> <P> <U> ENTRY + NOUN </U><B> coupon, form | fee </B> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> ~ for </B><I>We had too many entries for this event. </I><B>| ~ in </B><I>There were a record 2,000 entries in the under-17 section. </I><B>| ~ to </B><I>one of the best entries to our competition </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 4 </SUP> <TT> one item in a list/book </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> diary | dictionary </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + ENTRY </U><B> make, write </B> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> in an/the ~ </B><I>Very little information is given in the diary entries. </I><B>| ~ for </B><I>Look at the dictionary entry for &lsquo;welcome&rsquo;. </I><B>| ~ in </B><I>the last entry she made in her diary </I><B>| ~ on </B><I>First examine the entries on the marriage register. </I> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
299499underlie<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>underline </B><I>verb </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 1 </SUP> <TT> draw a line under a word </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADV. </U><B> heavily </B><I>The word &lsquo;not&rsquo; was heavily underlined. </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 2 </SUP> <TT> emphasize sth </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADV. </U><B> clearly | just, merely, only, simply </B><I>This disaster merely underlines the need for a consistent foreign policy. </I><B>| further </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + UNDERLINE </U><B> serve to | seem to | be intended to </B><I>a move intended to underline US concern over the issue </I> </P> <P> <U> PHRASES </U><B> underline the fact that &hellip;</B> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
300500bias<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>bias </B><I>noun </I> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> clear, definite, marked, obvious, strong | left-wing, right-wing | cultural, political </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + BIAS </U><B> have </B><I>The newspaper has a clear bias towards the Conservative Party. </I><B>| display, show | avoid, eliminate, reduce | correct </B><I>We have now tried to correct the bias in our original report. </I><B>| be free from </B><I>The newspaper was free from political bias. </I> </P> <P> <U> BIAS + VERB </U><B> creep in, exist </B><I>Bias often creeps in through the wording of questions. </I> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> with/without ~ </B><I>All material must be selected and presented without bias. </I><B>| with a ~ </B><I>a newspaper with a strong left-wing bias </I><B>| ~ against </B><I>a bias against women </I><B>| ~ in favour of/towards </B><I>a bias in favour of small firms </I> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
301501discriminate<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>discriminate </B><I>verb </I> </P> <P> <U> ADV. </U><B> positively | unfairly </B> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> against </B><I>The present law discriminates unfairly against women. </I><B>| in favour of </B><I>discriminating positively in favour of people from ethnic minorities </I><B>| on (the) grounds of </B><I>Workers must avoid discriminating on the grounds of race or sex. </I> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
302502hence<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
303503guide<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>guide </B><I>noun </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 1 </SUP> <TT> sth that helps you plan what you are going to do </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> approximate, rough | accurate </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + GUIDE </U><B> give (sb), provide (sb with) | use sth as </B><I>Use the table below as a guide to how much washing powder to use. </I> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> ~ as to </B><I>These figures give a rough guide as to the sales we can expect. </I><B>| ~ to </B> </P> <P> <SUP> 2 </SUP> <TT> book that gives information about a subject </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> essential, good, helpful, informative, invaluable, practical, reliable, useful, valuable | brief, quick, short, simple | complete, comprehensive, definitive, in-depth </B><I>This book is the definitive guide to world cuisine. </I><B>| step-by-step </B><I>a step-by-step guide to creating your own website </I><B>| reference </B><I>The book contains a quick reference guide to essential grammar at the back. </I> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> ~ to </B><I>a guide to British birds </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 3 </SUP> <TT> person </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> tour, tourist </B><I>Our tour guide showed us around the old town. </I> </P> <P> <U> VERB + GUIDE </U><B> act as, be </B><I>He agreed to go with them and act as their guide. </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 4 </SUP> <TT> book for tourists </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> holiday, travel | hotel | street </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + GUIDE </U><B> consult </B><I>We consulted our guides as we walked around the cathedral. </I><B>| write | publish</B> </P> </DIV><DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>guide </B><I>verb </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 1 </SUP> <TT> influence sb's behaviour </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADV. </U><B> firmly </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + GUIDE </U><B> help (to) </B><I>the information and data which help guide the affairs of the business </I><B>| try to </B> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> into </B><I>the ways in which young people are guided into employment </I><B>| on </B><I>Schools were firmly guided on the details of the curriculum </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 2 </SUP> <TT> explain sth/help sb </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADV. </U><B> carefully </B><I>Their teacher Phil Bailey carefully guides them through rehearsals. </I> </P> <P> <U> VERB + GUIDE </U><B> help (to) </B> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> in </B><I>He guided me in my research. </I><B>| on </B><I>guiding teachers on how to maintain discipline </I><B>| through </B><I>He guided us through the intricacies of the divorce law. </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 3 </SUP> <TT> help sb move </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADV. </U><B> gently </B><I>He took her arm, gently guiding her. </I> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> across, along, etc. </B><I>She guided him across the busy road. </I><B>| to/towards </B><I>He guided her hand to his face. </I> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
304504give<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
305505dialogue<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>dialogue </B><I>noun </I> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> close </B><I>There needs to be a closer dialogue between management and staff. </I><B>| direct </B><I>The government refused to engage in direct dialogue with the terrorists. </I><B>| constructive, serious | political </B><I>a serious political dialogue </I> </P> <P> <U> VERB + DIALOGUE </U><B> engage in, have, hold </B><I>Managers are willing to hold a dialogue with union leaders. </I><B>| begin, enter into, open | resume </B> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> ~ about </B><I>dialogue about concrete issues </I><B>| ~ among </B><I>The head encourages a climate of open dialogue among the teachers. </I><B>| ~ between </B><I>the need for dialogue between the two sides in the dispute </I><B>| ~ on </B><I>a constructive dialogue on pay and working conditions </I><B>| ~ with </B><I>They have agreed to resume their dialogue with the teachers. </I> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
306506manufacture<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>manufacture </B><I>noun </I> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> large-scale, small-scale | commercial, industrial | local </B><I>cotton ropes of local manufacture </I><B>| metal, steel, etc. | cloth, cotton, textile, woollen, etc. | car, vehicle, etc. | drug, food, etc. </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + MANUFACTURE </U><B> commence, start </B><I>They commenced large-scale commercial manufacture of the chairs in January. </I><B>| complete | be engaged in </B> </P> <P> <U> MANUFACTURE + VERB </U><B> start </B> </P> <P> <U> PHRASES </U><B> costs of manufacture, date of manufacture </B><I>The date of manufacture of the jewellery has not been authenticated. </I><B>| the method/process of manufacture</B> </P> </DIV><DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>manufacturer </B><I>noun </I> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> big, large, leading, major </B><I>the world's largest computer manufacturer </I><B>| well-known | commercial | independent | foreign, overseas | car, chemical, computer, motor, textile, etc. </B> </P> <P> <U> PHRASES </U><B> the manufacturer's instructions </B><I>The guarantee may be rendered invalid if the manufacturer's instructions are not followed. </I> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
307507enterprise<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>enterprise </B><I>noun </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 1 </SUP> <TT> plan/project </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> great | exciting | ambitious, difficult, hazardous | common, cooperative, joint </B><I>The programme is a joint enterprise with the National Business School. </I> </P> <P> <U> VERB + ENTERPRISE </U><B> embark on/upon, start, undertake </B><I>They are willing to undertake a new enterprise. </I><B>| abandon </B> </P> <P> <U> ENTERPRISE + VERB </U><B> fail, succeed </B> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> in an/the ~ </B><I>The team leader will be the most important factor in this difficult enterprise. </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 2 </SUP> <TT> a business </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> large, large-scale, medium-sized, small, small-scale | profitable, successful | family, private | public, state, state-owned | multinational | agricultural, business, commercial, economic, farming, industrial, manufacturing </B><I>the complex organization of a business enterprise </I> </P> <P> <U> VERB + ENTERPRISE </U><B> control, manage, run </B><I>He runs a successful small enterprise. </I><B>| invest in </B> </P> <P> <U> ENTERPRISE + VERB </U><B> expand, grow, succeed | fail </B> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> in/within an ~ </B><I>something that affects all the workers in the enterprise </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 3 </SUP> <TT> development of businesses </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> free, private </B><I>The Act will encourage private enterprise. </I><B>| local | corporate, individual, municipal </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + ENTERPRISE </U><B> encourage, promote </B> </P> <P> <U> ENTERPRISE + NOUN </U><B> culture </B><I>The government has promoted the small firm and the enterprise culture. </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 4 </SUP> <TT> abilities/imagination </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> great </B><I>I thought she showed great enterprise. </I> </P> <P> <U> VERB + ENTERPRISE </U><B> show </B> </P> <P> <U> PHRASES </U><B> a spirit of enterprise</B> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
308508scope<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>scope </B><I>noun </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 1 </SUP> <TT> opportunity </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> full </B><I>In her new house she had full scope for her passion for gardening. </I><B>| ample, considerable, enormous, great, tremendous | limited </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + SCOPE </U><B> have | allow (sb), give sb, leave (sb), offer (sb), provide (sb with) </B><I>These courses give students more scope for developing their own ideas. </I><B>| increase | cut down, reduce </B> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> ~ for </B><I>There is limited scope for creativity in my job. </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 2 </SUP> <TT> range/extent </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> broad, wide | limited, narrow </B><I>The scope of the exhibition is disappointingly narrow. </I><B>| geographical, territorial </B><I>The geographical scope of product markets has widened since the war. </I> </P> <P> <U> VERB + SCOPE </U><B> broaden, expand, extend, increase, widen | limit, reduce, restrict | define, determine </B><I>These criteria were used to determine the scope of the curriculum. </I> </P> <P> <U> SCOPE + VERB </U><B> broaden, expand, extend, increase, widen | narrow </B> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> beyond/outside the ~ of </B><I>The subject lies outside the scope of this book. </I><B>| in (sth's) ~ </B><I>The survey is too limited in (its) scope. </I><B>| within the ~ of </B><I>These disputes fall within the scope of the local courts. </I> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
309509ethical<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
310510province<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>province </B><I>noun </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 1 </SUP> <TT> region </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> northern, southern, etc. | central, coastal, frontier </B><I>the central province of Ghor </I><B>| English-speaking, French-speaking, etc. | autonomous 2 the provinces </B>not the capital city </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + PROVINCE </U><B> tour </B><I>The show is currently touring the provinces. </I> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> from the ~ </B><I>She's from the provinces and not familiar with Rome. </I><B>| in the ~ </B><I>There are a number of press agencies based in London and in the provinces. </I> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
311511retain<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>retain </B><I>verb </I> </P> <P> <U> ADV. </U><B> still | no longer | somehow </B><I>Despite the decay the mosque somehow retained a profound grandeur. </I> </P> <P> <U> VERB + RETAIN </U><B> be keen to, hope to, want to, wish to | attempt to, seek to, struggle to, try to </B><I>He struggled to retain control of the situation. </I><B>| manage to | help (to) | be allowed to, be entitled to, have the right to </B><I>He was allowed to retain his parliamentary seat. </I> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> as </B><I>The president retained her as his chief adviser. </I> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
312512capability<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>capability </B><I>noun </I> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> enormous | limited </B><I>The company's manufacturing capability is quite limited. </I><B>| potential | proven </B><I>the proven capability of this technology </I><B>| human </B><I>beyond the scope of human capability </I><B>| intellectual, mental | technical, technological | manufacturing, production | research | computing, design, graphics, multimedia, networking, printing, processing, sound, video | defence, fighting, military, missile, nuclear, offensive, weapons </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + CAPABILITY </U><B> have </B><I>She has the capability to become a very fine actress. </I><B>| increase </B><I>The government wants to increase its military capability. </I><B>| lose </B> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> beyond your ~ </B><I>Organizing a whole department is beyond his capability. </I><B>| within your ~ </B><I>I'm sure that your new job is well within your capabilities. </I><B>| ~ for </B><I>her capability for making sensible decisions </I> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
313513revision<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>revision </B><I>noun </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 1 </SUP> <TT> making changes </TT> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> complete, considerable, drastic, extensive, fundamental, major, radical, substantial, thorough | minor | constant, frequent | downward, upward </B><I>an upward revision of government expenditure plans </I><B>| policy, treaty </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + REVISION </U><B> propose, recommend, suggest | call for, demand </B><I>They called for revisions to the treaty. </I><B>| be open to, be subject to </B><I>Our conclusions are always open to revision in the light of fresh evidence. </I><B>| undergo </B><I>The scheme has recently undergone drastic revision. </I><B>| agree (to), announce, approve </B><I>In October Parliament approved a revision of the budget. </I><B>| bring about, lead to, result in | carry out, complete, conduct, make, undertake </B> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> ~ in </B><I>This has brought about a radical revision in the style of school management. </I><B>| ~ to </B><I>revisions to the plan </I> </P> <P> <U> PHRASES </U><B> the process of revision </B><I>The process of revision continued at rehearsals. </I> </P> <P> <SUP> 2 </SUP> <TT> studying </TT> </P> <P> <U> VERB + REVISION </U><B> do </B><I>I've got to do some maths revision tonight. </I> </P> <P> <U> REVISION + NOUN </U><B> class, course, lesson | question </B> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> ~ for </B><I>revision for tomorrow's history exam </I> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
314514residential<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
315515expansion<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>expansion </B><I>noun </I> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> big, considerable, enormous, great, huge, major, massive, significant, substantial, vast </B><I>The company was now set for major expansion. </I><B>| maximum | dramatic, marked, remarkable, unprecedented </B><I>an unprecedented expansion in linguistic studies at British universities </I><B>| rapid | gradual | steady | continued, further, sustained | eastward, westward, etc. | global, international, overseas, worldwide | successful | aggressive </B><I>The board decided to embark on aggressive overseas expansion. </I><B>| healthy | planned, proposed | uncontrolled | business, commercial, company | economic, industrial | colonial, imperial, territorial | population | urban </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + EXPANSION </U><B> show </B><I>The economy is still showing healthy expansion. </I><B>| allow (for), provide for </B><I>The design of the front pockets allows for expansion. </I><B>| be ripe for </B><I>a ready-made hotel chain ripe for further expansion </I><B>| be set for </B><I>The company is set for further expansion into niche areas. </I><B>| call for | go for, look for </B><I>We are going for maximum expansion. </I><B>| encourage, facilitate, promote | impede, limit, restrict | halt, stop | prevent | embark on | finance, fund </B><I>In order to finance expansion on this scale, the government has relied heavily on borrowing. </I> </P> <P> <U> EXPANSION + VERB </U><B> occur, take place </B> </P> <P> <U> EXPANSION + NOUN </U><B> plan, programme </B> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> ~ into </B><I>expansion into the luxury car market </I><B>| ~ in </B><I>a great age of expansion in trade and science </I> </P> <P> <U> PHRASES </U><B> a period of expansion </B><I>a period of rapid economic expansion </I><B>| the rate of expansion </B><I>The rate of expansion of our overseas trade has been spectacular. </I><B>| potential/room/scope/space for expansion </B><I>The company believes there is scope for expansion in this sector. </I> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
316516strengthen<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>strengthen </B><I>verb </I> </P> <P> <U> ADV. </U><B> considerably, enormously, greatly, immeasurably, significantly, substantially </B><I>The success in the election strengthened the party's position considerably. </I><B>| further </B><I>This merger will further strengthen the company and ensure its continued success. </I><B>| merely </B><I>This temporary setback merely strengthened her resolve. </I><B>| gradually </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + STRENGTHEN </U><B> help (to), serve to | be designed to </B><I>These exercises are designed to strengthen your stomach muscles. </I> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> against </B><I>The euro has strengthened against the dollar. </I> </P> <P> <U> PHRASES </U><B> an attempt/effort to strengthen sth, be aimed at strengthening sth </B><I>The new law is aimed at strengthening protective measures for workers. </I><B>| measures to strengthen sth</B> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
317517simultaneously<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
318518possess<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
319519manifest<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>manifesto </B><I>noun </I> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> Conservative, Labour, etc. | party, party's </B><I>We must all support the party manifesto. </I><B>| election </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + MANIFESTO </U><B> draft, draw up, write | sign | issue, launch, publish | support </B> </P> <P> <U> MANIFESTO + VERB </U><B> pledge sth, promise sth </B><I>The manifesto promised reform of the social security system. </I><B>| call for sth, demand sth | contain sth | say sth </B> </P> <P> <U> MANIFESTO + NOUN </U><B> commitment, pledge, promise | proposal </B> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> in a/the ~ </B><I>The policy is outlined in the party's election manifesto. </I><B>| on a/the ~ </B><I>Labour won the election on this manifesto. </I><B>| ~ for </B><I>a manifesto for reform </I> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>
320520incentive<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" /> </head> <DIV class="item"><P class="word"><B>incentive </B><I>noun </I> </P> <P> <U> ADJ. </U><B> big, considerable, great, massive | powerful, strong | adequate, sufficient | main, major | added, additional, extra, more | less | real | direct </B><I>The most direct financial incentive to prevent rubbish is to charge people by the amount of rubbish they put out. </I><B>| important | positive | special | commercial, economic, financial, fiscal, monetary | cash | price, tax | sales | work | government </B> </P> <P> <U> VERB + INCENTIVE </U><B> act as, be </B><I>He argues that the free supply of skilled labour will act as an incentive for employees to be more diligent. </I><B>| have </B><I>She had the added incentive of being within reach of the world record. </I><B>| need | give (sb/sth), offer (sb/sth), provide (sb/sth with) | create </B><I>The government has created tax incentives to encourage investment. </I><B>| increase | reduce | undermine </B><I>High taxation rates have undermined work incentives. </I><B>| remove </B> </P> <P> <U> INCENTIVE + NOUN </U><B> programme, scheme, system </B><I>The company operates a share incentive scheme for its workers. </I><B>| payment </B> </P> <P> <U> PREP. </U><B> ~ to </B><I>an incentive to investment </I> </P> <P> <U> PHRASES </U><B> have every incentive </B><I>The absence of penalties for anti-competitive behaviour means that firms have every incentive to engage in price-fixing. </I><B>| a lack of incentive </B><I>Low levels of profitability mean there is a lack of incentive to undertake new investment. </I> </P> </div> <!-- main wrap --> </html> </body>