ADJ.
VERB + TOTAL
TOTAL + VERB
PREP.
", - " ADJ. annual, monthly | combined, cumulative, grand, overall, sum His two goals give him a grand total of 32 for the season. The sum total of my knowledge of biology is not impressive.
| final | high, huge, large, record a record total of victories
| low, small | global, national, world/worldwide | jobless, unemployment Britain's jobless total rose by 20,000 last month.
VERB + TOTAL add up to, give, make (up) Their earnings were
£250,
£300 and
£420, giving a total of
£970.
| bring, take A donation of
£250 has been received, bringing the total to
£3,750.
| achieve The Greens achieved a total of 18 seats.
TOTAL + VERB rise | fall
PREP. in ~ In total, they spent 420 hours on the project.
| out of a ~ of 180 vehicles out of a total of 900 examined were not roadworthy.
| ~ of
ADJ. annual, monthly | combined, cumulative, grand, overall, sum His two goals give him a grand total of 32 for the season. The sum total of my knowledge of biology is not impressive.
| final | high, huge, large, record a record total of victories
| low, small | global, national, world/worldwide | jobless, unemployment Britain's jobless total rose by 20,000 last month.
VERB + TOTAL add up to, give, make (up) Their earnings were £250, £300 and £420, giving a total of £970.
| bring, take A donation of £250 has been received, bringing the total to £3,750.
| achieve The Greens achieved a total of 18 seats.
TOTAL + VERB rise | fall
PREP. in ~ In total, they spent 420 hours on the project.
| out of a ~ of 180 vehicles out of a total of 900 examined were not roadworthy.
| ~ of
ADJ.
VERB + ESTIMATE
ESTIMATE + VERB
PREP.
", - " ADJ. official, unofficial | current, recent Current estimates suggest that supplies will run out within six months.
| early, initial, preliminary | accurate, fair, good, realistic, reasonable, reliable | best Flight times in the brochure are based on our best estimate, and will be confirmed as soon as possible.
| approximate, rough | conservative, low I think 15,000 will turn out to be a very low estimate.
| high According to the highest estimate, over 100,000 men died in the battle.
| optimistic, pessimistic | cost
VERB + ESTIMATE make Can you make an estimate of the numbers involved?
| give (sb), provide (sb with), submit Three firms submitted estimates for the work.
| revise
ESTIMATE + VERB be based on sth | indicate sth, predict sth, show sth, suggest sth One estimate suggests that 30,000 jobs may be lost.
| put sth at Some estimates put the figure as high as 50%.
| range, vary Cost estimates vary from $50,000 to $200,000.
PREP. according to an/the ~ According to the revised estimate, four million people will be without homes.
| at an ~ Even at a conservative estimate, there is a lot of work to be done.
| in an/the ~ In his first estimate, he suggested a figure of
£5,000.
| ~ by, ~ from According to an estimate by a leading newspaper, she earns
£40 million a year.
| ~ for We will send you an estimate for the repairs.
| ~ of an estimate of profits an estimate of
£300
ADJ. official, unofficial | current, recent Current estimates suggest that supplies will run out within six months.
| early, initial, preliminary | accurate, fair, good, realistic, reasonable, reliable | best Flight times in the brochure are based on our best estimate, and will be confirmed as soon as possible.
| approximate, rough | conservative, low I think 15,000 will turn out to be a very low estimate.
| high According to the highest estimate, over 100,000 men died in the battle.
| optimistic, pessimistic | cost
VERB + ESTIMATE make Can you make an estimate of the numbers involved?
| give (sb), provide (sb with), submit Three firms submitted estimates for the work.
| revise
ESTIMATE + VERB be based on sth | indicate sth, predict sth, show sth, suggest sth One estimate suggests that 30,000 jobs may be lost.
| put sth at Some estimates put the figure as high as 50%.
| range, vary Cost estimates vary from $50,000 to $200,000.
PREP. according to an/the ~ According to the revised estimate, four million people will be without homes.
| at an ~ Even at a conservative estimate, there is a lot of work to be done.
| in an/the ~ In his first estimate, he suggested a figure of £5,000.
| ~ by, ~ from According to an estimate by a leading newspaper, she earns £40 million a year.
| ~ for We will send you an estimate for the repairs.
| ~ of an estimate of profits an estimate of £300
ADV.
VERB + ESTIMATE
PREP.
", - " ADV. currently | accurately, reliably | provisionally | conservatively It is conservatively estimated that not less than half a million people died in the famine.
| officially, unofficially The strike was officially estimated to have cost $80 million.
VERB + ESTIMATE be difficult to, be hard to, be impossible to | be used to The results of the survey were used to estimate the preferences of the population at large.
PREP. at We estimated the cost at
£50,000.
ADV. currently | accurately, reliably | provisionally | conservatively It is conservatively estimated that not less than half a million people died in the famine.
| officially, unofficially The strike was officially estimated to have cost $80 million.
VERB + ESTIMATE be difficult to, be hard to, be impossible to | be used to The results of the survey were used to estimate the preferences of the population at large.
PREP. at We estimated the cost at £50,000.
VERBS
ADV.
PREP.
", - "VERBS be, feel, seem, sound | become | remain
ADV. distinctly, extremely, strongly, terribly, very the strongly negative implications of these survey results Their attitude was terribly negative.
| completely, entirely, exclusively, purely, totally, wholly She spoke in entirely negative terms.
| largely, mainly, overwhelmingly | fairly, rather, slightly, somewhat | apparently | essentially Critical thinking is essentially negative as it seeks to dissect and not to build.
| generally
PREP. about He's been rather negative about the idea.
VERBS be, feel, seem, sound | become | remain
ADV. distinctly, extremely, strongly, terribly, very the strongly negative implications of these survey results. Their attitude was terribly negative.
| completely, entirely, exclusively, purely, totally, wholly She spoke in entirely negative terms.
| largely, mainly, overwhelmingly | fairly, rather, slightly, somewhat | apparently | essentially Critical thinking is essentially negative as it seeks to dissect and not to build.
| generally
PREP. about He's been rather negative about the idea.
ADJ.
VERB + CHALLENGE
CHALLENGE + VERB
ADV.
PREP.
", - " ADJ. big, considerable, enormous, great, huge, radical, real, serious, significant, strong | difficult, tough | major, main | fresh, new | exciting, interesting | economic, environmental, intellectual, political, technical, technological Liszt's piano music presents an enormous technical challenge.
VERB + CHALLENGE be, pose, present | face, meet, respond to, rise to, take on/up The gallery has risen to the challenge of exhibiting the works of young artists. He has taken on some exciting new challenges with this job.
CHALLENGE + VERB face sb the challenges facing nurses in casualty
ADV. directly The newspaper was directly challenging the government's legitimacy.
| seriously | effectively She was effectively challenging the whole basis on which society was run.
| successfully The story was completely untrue and was successfully challenged in court.
PREP. on She challenged him on his old-fashioned views.
ADJ.
VERB + CHALLENGE
CHALLENGE + VERB
", + " ADJ. big, considerable, enormous, great, huge, radical, real, serious, significant, strong | difficult, tough | major, main | fresh, new | exciting, interesting | economic, environmental, intellectual, political, technical, technological Liszt's piano music presents an enormous technical challenge.
VERB + CHALLENGE be, pose, present | face, meet, respond to, rise to, take on/up The gallery has risen to the challenge of exhibiting the works of young artists. He has taken on some exciting new challenges with this job.
CHALLENGE + VERB face sb the challenges facing nurses in casualty
", "noun" ], "flags": 0, @@ -593,9 +593,9 @@ "fields": [ "213.1.2", "challenge", - "that shows that sb refuses to accept sth\ninvite sb to compete, argue, etc.", - "ADJ.
VERB + CHALLENGE
PREP.
ADV.
PREP.
", - "ADJ. serious | direct | effective | legal
VERB + CHALLENGE be, present, represent The demonstration represents a direct challenge to the new law.
PREP. ~ to a legal challenge to the president's power
ADV. seriously No one has seriously challenged the champion.
| successfully, unsuccessfully
PREP. for She was poised to challenge for the party leadership.
| to The count challenged him to a duel.
ADJ.
VERB + CHALLENGE
PREP.
", + "ADJ. serious | direct | effective | legal
VERB + CHALLENGE be, present, represent The demonstration represents a direct challenge to the new law.
PREP. ~ to a legal challenge to the president's power
", "noun" ], "flags": 0, @@ -610,8 +610,8 @@ "213.1.3", "challenge", "invitation to compete", - "ADJ.
VERB + CHALLENGE
PREP.
ADJ.
VERB + CHALLENGER
PREP.
ADV.
PREP.
ADV.
PREP.
", - " ADJ. leadership, title his title challenge to the heavyweight champion
VERB + CHALLENGE issue, mount plans to mount a leadership challenge within the party
| accept, take up I accepted his challenge to a game of chess.
| beat off, fight off Our team will have to fight off the challenge from better trained teams.
PREP. ~ from a challenge from the other political party
challenger noun
ADJ. closest, main, nearest, serious, strong Her nearest challenger is the vice-president.
VERB + CHALLENGER take on He took on various challengers, but refused to fight Jackson.
PREP. ~ for the main challengers for the European title
| ~ to a challenger to the prime minister
challenge verb
1 question whether sth is right/true
ADV. directly The newspaper was directly challenging the government's legitimacy.
| seriously | effectively She was effectively challenging the whole basis on which society was run.
| successfully The story was completely untrue and was successfully challenged in court.
PREP. on She challenged him on his old-fashioned views.
2 invite sb to compete, argue, etc.
ADV. seriously No one has seriously challenged the champion.
| successfully, unsuccessfully
PREP. for She was poised to challenge for the party leadership.
| to The count challenged him to a duel.
ADJ.
VERB + CHALLENGE
PREP.
", + " ADJ. leadership, title his title challenge to the heavyweight champion
VERB + CHALLENGE issue, mount plans to mount a leadership challenge within the party
| accept, take up I accepted his challenge to a game of chess.
| beat off, fight off Our team will have to fight off the challenge from better trained teams.
PREP. ~ from a challenge from the other political party
ADJ.
VERB + CHALLENGE
CHALLENGE + VERB
", - " ADJ. big, considerable, enormous, great, huge, radical, real, serious, significant, strong | difficult, tough | major, main | fresh, new | exciting, interesting | economic, environmental, intellectual, political, technical, technological Liszt's piano music presents an enormous technical challenge.
VERB + CHALLENGE be, pose, present | face, meet, respond to, rise to, take on/up The gallery has risen to the challenge of exhibiting the works of young artists. He has taken on some exciting new challenges with this job.
CHALLENGE + VERB face sb the challenges facing nurses in casualty
ADJ.
\nVERB + CHALLENGER
\nPREP.
", + " ADJ. closest, main, nearest, serious, strong Her nearest challenger is the vice-president.
VERB + CHALLENGER take on He took on various challengers, but refused to fight Jackson.
PREP. ~ for the main challengers for the European title
| ~ to a challenger to the prime minister
ADJ.
VERB + CHALLENGE
PREP.
", - "ADJ. serious | direct | effective | legal
VERB + CHALLENGE be, present, represent The demonstration represents a direct challenge to the new law.
PREP. ~ to a legal challenge to the president's power